Taxonomic Rank. Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, or stump blossoms, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. I seemed to have noticed some of the spicy hot flavor remained in the dried. Boa ER, Boa E. Wild edible fungi: a global overview of their use and importance to people. The photographer's identification Bondarzewia berkeleyi has not been reviewed. A massive specimen of Berkeley's polypore (also known as stump blossoms, or Bondarzewia berkeleyi) is sliced in half and ornamented with green chrysanthemum blossoms and sprays of purple flowers . July-October. Would that turn to bitter in baking? . 1. In my top 5 favorite gourmet wild mushrooms is of course, Chicken of the Woods. I see this trend in species with a generally narrow niche width. V. Preparation of [Primarily Mature] Specimens: Ahead I list all the different ways of preparing Ive heard of, including ways Ive not heard of. Since I cant give much of my own personal experience, Id recommendthis article by ForagerChef on this polypore fungi. (Overholts, 1953; Smith, Smith & Weber, 1981; Arora, 1986; Gilbertson & Ryvarden, 1986; Phillips, 1991/2005; Lincoff, 1992; Barron, 1999; Larsson et al., 2003; Roody, 2003; Miller & Miller, 2006; Binion et al., 2008; Kuo & Methven, 2010; Kuo & Methven, 2014; Das et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2016; Baroni, 2017; Woehrel & Light, 2017; Elliott & Stephenson, 2018; Sturgeon, 2018; McKnight et al., 2021.) Would that turn to bitter in baking? How strong this mushroom is to stand up to a slow cooker! B. berkeleyi has been historically classified as a polypore, but with the advent of molecular techniques, it was revealed to be more closely related to Russala than the polypores (Hibbett and Donoghue 1995). And so, it is sometimes not the bean or mushroom that becomes known for a particular culinary experience, but how the ingredient is used. It is a parasitic species that causes butt rot in oaks and other hardwood trees. Surprisingly, it smelled a bit like freshly baked bread! I was told it was being used, wasnt too bitter [for their planned preparation], and a good amount of it was quite tender. Whip up a quick, week-night tempura with a light rice flour batter, and fry mushrooms over medium-high heat. A widespread fungus, it is found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Ferry) Bondarzewia podocarpi Bondarzewia tibetica I do know that w/related mushrooms that are known to be intensely hot (the habanero of the mushroom world, being Russula emetica, other hot Russulas, & several intensely hot Lactarius sp. Murrill (1904), and Polyporus eurocephalus Berk. The outer edges that cut easily with a knife are quite tender. Delicious, and perhaps one of the best mushroom dishes I've tried. Besides its large size (often two feet or more in D.Slow-Cooked: I found slow-cooking did not make it softer. Remember this analogy: Cacao beans are bitter and a bit tough in texture, but when properly prepared we commonly get a very different finished product: Soft melt-in-your-mouth chocolate. Rogers Plants Ltd reserves the right It has shelf or fan-shaped caps that grow in overlapping clumps. "Berkeley's polypore," as it is sometimes called, is found at the bases of (doomed) hardwoods in eastern North America, where it grows as a parasitic butt rot. So far I have not encountered any my teeth could not handle, but I have yet to try chewing the most inner sections of my most mature finds. I think the best potential of this method is to extract the flavor. Deposit ochraceous. Polyporus berkeleyi Fr.Berkeley's Polypore Fruit body annual. This fungi can be found growing at the base of large old trees thus it is sometimes common in historic districts with large old oak trees. Bondarzewia berkeleyi is a polypore in shapeit has shelf-like fruiting bodies with spores produced inside a layer of tubes ending in poresbut it is not closely related to other polypores. My favorite way to cook these is to make Lions Mane Crab Cakes. In fact, it is genetically most similar to russellas and lactarias. Bondarzewia berkeleyi, , , Russulaceae. Using this photo The thumbnail photo (128x192 pixels) on this page may be freely used for personal or academic purposes without prior permission under the Fair Use provisions of US copyright law as long as the . [LINK]. Bondarzewia is a common and destructive pathogen of oaks in southern New England, occurring on forest and landscape trees. I have yet to find the Black Staining Polypore. The pileus will be velvety and dry. We will never share your email with anyone else. Figure 1. . The spicy hot effect takes about 30 seconds to kick in. The BbNSRV1 genome includes six predicted open reading frames (ORFs) of 279, 425, 230, 174, 200 and 1970 aa. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Beginner and veteran foragers alike may be curious about what the Southeast United States has to offer for its wild edible mushroom seasons throughout the year. 1. [4], Elias Magnus Fries described the species as Polyporus berkeleyi in 1851. Berkeleys Polypore[ii] causes a distinctive type of rot in which the wood of the butt of the tree first becomes white and stringy and then breaks down altogether leaving the butt hollow. Odor and Taste: Not distinctive. This week's mushroom is Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore. Mushroom Ornaments, hand painted by Chris Matherly. But me, no way! Season July-October. Yes, it is. Fries was studying an unnamed collection from North Carolina he found in the herbarium of English mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley, and it was apparently quite a big one. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; Then, the tips of the fingers expand into huge, flat, fan-like shapes that together form an irregular rosette. Nonetheless, I wont pass up the opportunity to add more wild food to my diet! In comparison, the hen of the woods has many smaller, grayish brownish caps. Its paradoxical nature is also exemplified by the fact that it is edible yet often too tough to chew, and may have medicinal value but has not been well researched and so nobody really knows its potential. I dont know if he ate it raw* or not. Jan 21, 2017 - This Pin was discovered by Melissa Carroll. Another interesting note is that it is in the family Russulaceae, meaning it is closely related to Russula (like Russula mariae featured a few weeks ago) and Lactarius species though sharing very little physical resemblance. I added some of this to a vindaloo sauce. The flavor and texture work very well w/chicken in this way, as several of us tasters agreed. 2016). Examples of what it could be infused into include: Oil, vinegar, honey, vodka, maple syrup, and sugar syrup. Cut and use the softer, outer edges of the caps (also called "leaves"). A mushroom powder can be made of the flesh as well, especially with a grinder or good blender. This broadly includes: Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Kentucky. I seemed to have noticed some of the spicy hot flavor remained in the dried. dimidiata Corner Bondarzewia berkeleyi var. So far I have not encountered any my teeth could not handle, but I have yet to try chewing the most inner sections of my most mature finds. While its easy to look at this in a vacuum, as the fungus perhaps shortening the life of the tree, thats not how nature works. 2) Laetiporus Cincinnatus. Join me. The latter including an interesting bitterness that comes through only when cooked. I. Aroma: Especially on the day found, and holding true for some people many days later, this mushroom has a distinct and potent aroma that is also especially pronounced when dried. The latter including an interesting bitterness that comes through only when cooked. Spores globose to subglobose, ornamented with short irregularly arranged amyloid ridges, 7-9 x 6-8. Around eight years ago, on a day off from work and school, I remember strolling around the Buffalo Science Museum. It reminded me of my favorite soup, west lake minced beef soup with black vinegar. Give them a try. A. Berkeley's Polypore - Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Additionally healing-mushrooms.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. Another favorite of mine, Hen of the Woods. For how to cook Berkeley's Polypore, check out this video:https://youtu.be/5DiYPe5Us6M_____Berkeley's Pol. I always have a smile on my face when I see the small splashes of yellow-orange dotting the forest floor! In instances where it is parasitic it causes a butt rot, almost exclusively on oaks. [10], "Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 1. I wonder how this would cook up if I reconstitute. This weeksmushroomis Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeleys polypore. It also frequently occurs as a saprophyte on dead trees in forests or stumps left remaining in managed areas. In both cases, the species can be differentiated by an experienced forager fairly easily, but only if the forager knows to look out for potential confusion. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Flam-U-line-uh vel-oo-tuh-pees, its too much fun to say! Yield is 100%, as all of the mushroom is used fully this way. Consider subscribing if you dont want to miss new content from Feral Foraging. I will cook it up tonight and compare it to chicken of the woods which I found yesterday. Pan-fry: Hen of the woods mushrooms are ideal for shallow pan-frying because of the flat shape of their caps. An extremely abundant mushroom throughout many parts of the Southeast, Oyster mushroom. Rockwood Park, Virginia. The fungus produces annual mushrooms consisting of one to five overlapping, cream-colored caps produced on a short central stem. Learn the most common wild edible gourmet mushrooms of the Southeast and when to find them. Portland, Oregon, Chthaeus Press, 2016. Bondarzewia mesenterica in Culture, the Market, and the Wild. Hibbett DS, Donoghue MJ. It is a parasitic species that causes butt rot in oaks and other hardwood trees. More bitter pieces could be treated like bitter melon in a saute (sweet sauce, acidic, or for those who are into bitter, use some soy sauce and skip the sweet and/or acidic). Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, [1] or stump blossoms, [2] is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. B. Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, or stump blossoms, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. They are various shades of white to pale grey, cream, beige or yellow. The tough white flesh can be up to 3cm (1.2in) thick and has a mild taste, which can be bitter in older specimens. The pores can be large, especially near the base. All are welcome! However, Russula emetica is said to be used sparingly as a raw powder as a spicy condiment, but I've not seen anything definitive on how they can be best dried while still retaining their heat. Primarily oaks (Quercus spp.) Like oyster mushrooms, due to texture, this one isnt my favorite, nonetheless its a good one to look out for as the greater mushroom season starts to wind down. The gills and stem of both mushrooms are clustered in close clusters, and the flesh is cream-colored. amzn_assoc_asins = "B07BNVWFKZ,B01E9GDRW8,B01E9LKF14,B07BNX6KCZ"; [i] Frank, J.L. I think the best potential of this method is to extract the flavor. When we zoom out, we see everything in this world is interconnected and dynamic. They also extend quite a lot further South than Morels do. One thing I like to reiterate when we talk about parasitic/pathogenic fungi is that they arent bad, in fact theyre essential for nutrient cycling and the overall health of our park and planet. The flavor profile is much different, but I can see how he could have done this well. FOR SALE! Already dead suitable hardwoods can be colonized by this hefty polypore, making this species a saprotroph as well as a parasite. Dried: I see a lot of potential here. This may render it crispy (think of how tough shrimp shells, and even smaller fish bones, go from tough to crispy via deep frying). The majority of spores are dispersed locally and the risk of overland spread to other nearby oaks is likely low. Know that there are (as with many mushroom) edible lookalikes to the untrained forager that could be toxic. Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Fr.) Tubes up to 2cm deep, decurrent, continuous with the flesh; pale buff. AlthoughBondarzewia berkeleyihas been compared to eating shoe leather, it is edible, and can be used to replace or strengthen other flavors in dishes, much like tofu. B. The result was good! Every year I hope to do so and maybe this one Ill get lucky! Thank you so much for reading. 3) Laetiporus Conifericola. I suspect braising for much less time followed by a puree would work just as well. I bet these would be quite good on top of the soup to add texture, a bit of flavor, and nutrition. Therefore after stirring, drink soon, or if waiting a while much powder will eventually settle to the bottom. The fan- or shelf-shaped caps grow in overlapping clumps from the bases of oak trees, each capable of growing to 25.5cm (10in) diameter. More information Berkeley's Polypore: Culinary Properties - Berkeley's Polypore Off the bat it is one of the largestmushroomsin the world, and certainly the largest we have featured onMushroomMonday. The everyday passerby would probably pass this huge polypore, making a b-line for the truly massive dinosaur exhibit. The pore surface is white, as is the spore print. Edible with caution. The fact that these species are sometimes mixed up in the market place complicates matters for anyone attempting to understand how to use either. The round spores are 79 by 68 m and have marked amyloid ridges. The vinegar negated the remaining bitterness, while the crispy quality remained. Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, or stump blossoms, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. Improved in 24 Hours. ), they can be powerful GI irritants even when cooked (unlessthoroughly cooked such that the hotness dissipates, I say in conjecture). By uploading images and text you hereby warrant that you are the legal owner of this Bondarzewia berkeleyi. They are various shades of white to pale grey, cream, beige or yellow. These Berkeleys Polypores can grow to a massive size. I wonder if the speed of drying, as well as how much heat was involved w/drying, will affect its final flavor. Although Bondarzewia berkeleyi has been compared to eating shoe leather,[3] some field guides list it as edible. When dried, the "pores" are so fragile as to easily crumble and powder with one's fingers. Always exercise caution and get a positive ID. Chicken of the woods mushroom is a member of the laetiporus genus and 3 most common wild edible species are: 1) Laetiporus Sulphureus. Im sure the specimen & part of it make a big difference in how well this works, as well as how thinly it is sliced. Stem: 410 cm long; 35 cm wide; usually somewhat off-center and poorly defined; whitish to dull yellowish; dry; tough. The spectacular polypore Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Fries) Bondartsev and Singer is an example of a double eponym, in which both the generic name and the specific epithet are derived from names of people. The specimen collected was found in the soil about 0.5 m away from a Quercus macrocarpa trunk, on a forested riverbank by the Red Cedar River in East Lansing, MI. If you have a high quality photo of this species, are confident in the identification, and would like to submit it for inclusion on the Montana Field Guide, please send it to us using our online photo submission tool. Also, different methods can net different results, so do try the different methods before deciding if your particular mushroom fits with your palate. It is aparasiticspecies that causesbutt rotinoaksand other hardwood trees. It probably wont be digested for starters. Here's a photo in my house of what it looks like after going through a meat grinder (once with the larger setting, then once through the smaller, so we get a more fine grind). Fascinating (please see the Russula comparison section of this site for more information).III. Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Fr.) Added in 24 Hours. It is also reported to be edible when young, and at its most tender, but all I found online is that it tastes like shoe leather. It can also reportedly be used as a meat substitute. Bondarzewia species Bondarzewia berkeleyi Name Synonyms Bondarzewia berkeleyi var. G.Blender: If using moderately to highly tough pieces, try pureeing it after chopping or grinding it. G. Blender: If using moderately to highly tough pieces, try pureeing it after chopping or grinding it. I do know that w/related mushrooms that are known to be intensely hot (the habanero of the mushroom world, being Russula emetica, other hot Russulas, & several intensely hot Lactarius sp. Were cruising into beautiful fall weather now gang,Aubrey, References1)Kuo, M. (2004, November). Stem up to 8cm thick, lateral, usually branched, developing from an underground sclerotium; yellowish. Bondarsev & Singer 1941 This polypore is best when found in its earliest stage of growth, when the emerging fronds look more like knobby, swollen fists than the fan-shaped fronds they will become as they expand and mature. [1] A survey of host trees in North Carolina found that it almost always grew on oaks, being recorded from the white oak (Quercus alba), scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), southern red oak (Q. falcata), chestnut oak (Q. prinus) and eastern black oak (Q. velutina), as well as bird cherry (Prunus pensylvanica). Bondarzewia. Bondarzewia berkeleyi - Berkeley's Polypore Not in my top list for edible mushrooms, but still a really fun one to find due to their size. The specimen I encountered doing field work. The fruit bodies appear over July to October in the United States. It is a parasitic species that causes butt rot in oaks and other hardwood trees. Baste often with the parsley oil and turn as necessary, until done (about 10 minutes). Young specimens are nearly white, but the fungus becomes cream-colored to pale yellowish as it matures. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Ive also found with a hot Russula and a hot Lactarius, that keeping them refrigerated for days does appear to dissipate their heat. This fungi has the most popular foraging season across North America and the World. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. An incredibly striking and fairly common wild mushroom throughout the Southeast, Lions mane. I suspect, as w/related mushrooms (please see Russula comparison page for more info. . The specimen I encountered doing field work. Fascinating(please see the Russula comparison section of this site for more information). Food & Agriculture Org. It can also reportedly be used as a meat substitute. Fruiting body The fan- or shelf-shaped caps grow in overlapping clumps from the bases of oak trees, each capable of growing . The other virus, designated as Bondarzewia berkeleyi negative-strand RNA virus 1 (BbNSRV1), had a non-segmented negative-sense RNA genome of 10,983 nt and was related to members of family Mymonaviridae. It should not be assumed that a dangerous mistake is impossible, however. Thismushroomwas pointed out to me by Walkingstick Joe on 8/31/2021 growing at the base of an oak (Quercus) by Triplets bridge. Coat w/salt, vinegar, and possibly sugar. Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to orangish on cap surface; negative to dirty yellow on flesh. While B. berkeleyi[v] has not been formally assessed, it seems prudent not to eat it raw. Dried: I seea lotof potential here. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/bondarzewia_berkeleyi.html. (Bondarzewia berkeleyi). DNA studies for the past several decades have been unequivocal: Bondarzewia belongs in the family Russulaceae, more closely related to russulas and milky caps than to other polypore genera (a relationship hinted at by the russula-like spores of Bondarzewia berkeleyi). Eastern cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis spatulata) has ribbonlike folds. The textural experience is comparable to chicken of the woods mushrooms, in that both become very tough in age, but chicken of the woods becomes not quite as tough, and is much drier. Note: If not using tender sections or a less mature specimen as pictured below, it will be like a very tough piece of meat, which most people will quickly tire of eating. I have read that in Eastern Europe people have enjoyed a related species by boiling it and then working with it in various ways. Common name: Berkeley's Polypore. Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Fr.) A young fruiting body of a soon to be giant. I happened to find this particular specimen at the base of a large, dead oak, a position in which I could fathom its evolved ecology. Filter Your Search Results Make any dropdown choice in the fields below and your results will automatically narrow as you choose. your own Pins on Pinterest You can click the button below to join. Individual Caps: 625 cm across; kidney-shaped or irregular in outline; loosely convex, flat, or with a central depression; dry; velvety or leathery; sometimes radially wrinkled (but never scaly) or with vague, semi-concentric zones of texture or color; white when young, becoming cream colored to dull yellowish and eventually sometimes brownish; not bruising, or occasionally bruising yellowish on the growing margin. Whats in a Name? Grifola frondosa - Hen of the Woods Another favorite of mine, Hen of the Woods. Kuo 08040305, 06220801, 06221014, 08311302, 07281601, 09292201. Behind a glass display, I saw a huge dried polypore fungus. for more discussion of convergent evolution. Ever wondered why some Mushroom Supplements are so cheap? Elias Magnus Friesdescribed the species asPolyporus berkeleyiin 1851. These mushroom chips are sure to surprise almost anyone when theyre told that theyre actually eating a mushroom! Mushroom Chips: Sliceverythin (perhaps a peeler would do it, or on tougher specimens to use a meat slicer), then deep fry in hot oil. Habitat: Growing out of the ground under some Oak trees. Mushroom Artwork and crafts: ornaments, paintings and more, Berkeleys Polypore (Bondarzewia berkeleyi). The pore surface is white, as is thespore print. They dont call it Winter Oyster for nothing. Thinly Shaved like Truffles: I once knew a chef in Old Lyme, CT who said he used them like truffles, making shavings out of it. I tried "pores" and flesh, both of which had these properties. It is a parasitic species that causes butt . [ Basidiomycetes>Russulales>Bondarzewiaceae>Bondarzewia . The largest one Ive seen was a 40lb. Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Berkeley's Polypore) I. Aroma: Especially on the day found, and holding true for some people many days later, this mushroom has a distinct and potent aroma that is also. Bondarzewia berkeleyi has little taste, it can be used to take on other flavours in dishes, much like tofu, and can be used as a meat substitute. I found my finished product incredibly potent. It was worth trying and may have additional potential, however it doesn't dissolve, but float. Bondarzewia berkeleyi. Prior to taking ANY supplements you should consult a health care professional. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "dmgbiz-20"; amzn_assoc_linkid = "175fb54f78591e25daf3429f298260c1"; Flesh: White; unchanging when sliced. The fungus causes a white stringy rot of the heartwood in the roots and lower trunk, but typically . In China it has been recorded from Guangdong and Hunan provinces. . Tweet; Description: Large, cream-colored, fleshy mushroom with a pored underside. The specimen was cream-colored, with slight radial banding, and the pileus formed lobes about 10-20 cm wide. ), that eating raw would cause GI upset if not done in small amounts, though conjecture would be that you can eat quite a lot more of this raw than you can with the very spicy Russula & Lactarius species. Make sure to get your ID skills down for this one as not all members of the family are edible. A chef tasted a bit of this powder with me and concurred it is quite impressive. Bondarzewia berkeleyi: This example of Berkeley's polypore fruited in early September; McCormick's Creek State Park, Owen county. Fortunately, both are edible. Habitat growing from the base or stumps of hardwood and deciduous trees, particularly oak and chestnut. Perhaps their flavor and texture can vary considerably amongst individuals, with size not always being the determinant factor. Then I sauteed them in olive oil until crispy. Thinly Shaved like Truffles: I once knew a chef in Old Lyme, CT who said he used them like truffles, making shavings out of it. Mushroom Steaks: Marinatetendersections overnight in a sweet & acidic sauce, then BBQ grill until crispy on the outsides. Flesh: White; thick; not discoloring or bruising. Come find out the supplement industry's dirty secret. Rachel Gallagher and Dawn Wehman are hosting winter walk / tree identification on Sunday February 26th, 2023 at 11AM at Wolf Creek Narrows Natural Area in [.] The display specimen alone was nearly two feet wide! Growing at the base of a very large oak tree (10 foot girth; probably over 100 years old). Knowing the remaining pores would still be tender, I cut some of them off and boiled them for 15 minutes. Culinarily, the most famous bolete is probably Boletus edulis King Bolete or Porcini. If so, how much can be added w/o gastric upset? The fungus is helping free up carbon locked in the dead plant cells within the tree, which will support more subterranean microbes and fungi, and allow for a healthier soil. Combine garlic, parsley, olive oil, salt, and pepper in a bowl. These Berkeley's Polypores can grow to a massive size. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Lions Mane can still be found in the Winter Time. A widespread fungus, it is found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. ), that eating raw would cause GI upset if not done in small amounts, though conjecture would be that you can eat quite a lot more of this raw than you can with the very spicy Russula & Lactarius species. I suspect, as w/related mushrooms (please see Russula comparison page for more info. IV. Not only are many mushrooms undigestable, but, like some closely-related russellas, some individuals of this species are spicy when raw but not when cookedand those russellas are toxic when raw. About This Subject; View Images Details; View Images; Invasive Listing Sources. The textural experience is comparable to chicken of the woods mushrooms, in that both become very tough in age, but chicken of the woods becomes not quite as tough, and is much drier. In the Southeast it is possible to find them, but in much smaller numbers than those of areas further North. In fact, it is genetically most similar to russellas and lactarias. Microscopic Features: Spores 67.5 m without ornamentation; globose to subglobose; ornamented with densely packed, amyloid, blunt-tipped spines 12 m long. Bondarzewia berkeleyi partitivirus 1. acronym: BbPV1. A. However, Russula emetica is said to be used sparingly as a raw powder as a spicy condiment, but Ive not seen anything definitive on how they can be best dried while still retaining their heat. 1995 Dec 31;73(S1):853-61. . They are various shades of white to pale grey, cream, beige or yellow. Remember that hen of the woods is a pore fungus (polypore) and lacks gills. The first time that I found them with my friend Scott of Woodland Cravings, we were standing right over them and he had to get down to the forest floor and point directly at it for it to pop out to my vision. Texture: Immature they are quite tender. This paste can be use to coat salted chicken breast, baked in foil, then the foil removed at high heat to brown. . We respect your privacy. Between July and October, it grows on the ground near tree bases. The pore surface runs partway down the stem and is whitish, either not bruising or only bruising faintly brownish.Stem: Short, gnarled, yellowish to pale brown.Spores: Round with ridges and spinesSpore color: WhiteEdibility: Edible, but grows tough with ageHabitat: Eats live and dead wood from oaks and other hardwood species. Looking at all of the cool exhibits, I had found a section presenting a subset of the native flora and fauna of North America both extinct and extant.
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