a. B. the self-serving bias. D. lower the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, A study by Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: D. self-serving bias, Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future: This common misconception stems most directly from, People who think they have a hot hand after winning five poker hands in a row tend to think that. If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." How would you frame the issue here? Economics chapter 2 section 1 assessment quizlet 2 The. B. low self-esteem Social psychology is interested in how the group affects the individual and vice-versa. -consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. After answering all the other questions, he goes back to 31 and starts to believe that perhaps C was the right answer. To try to guess his age you start with your grandfather's age (80), and then add on a few years since Al seems to be a little older. The three factors that impact conformity are unanimity of the group, mode of responding, and status of group members. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! A. high; high D. there is no immune neglect, In Savitsky and Gilovich's study, public speakers who were informed about the illusion-of-transparency phenomenon felt: B. experience more stress Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"the ways in which people explain everyday events. D. see ourselves as better than the average person, D. see ourselves as better than the average person, According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. B. self-handicapping Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Possible selves, Culture difference in a person's self concept reflect, How is self esteem different from self concept? D. have no idea, Most people perceive themselves as: C)Volunteering to give blood. D. zero, Self-monitoring is: B. audience effect Within the field of social cognition, the term "priming" refers to, Montana and Sarah are playing cards. Suppose that you meet someone who is smart, adventurous, and highly knowledgeable about rockets and outer space. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Why did the clown park his car in a red zone, where he might get a ticket? [3] B. narcissists lack an interest in others Although he drives by himself he often speeds along in the carpool lane on the highway. 10/17/2017. Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect. The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits, and personal attributes as unique when in reality they are not. That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is, Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. The false consensus effect is the tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and values. On the eleventh flip, is it more likely to be heads, tails, or are heads and tails equally likely ? Suppose that Greg and Marsha both apply for a prestigious scholarship program, and both get rejected. A. the false uniqueness effect. We and our partners store and/or access information on a device, such as cookies and process personal data, such as unique identifiers and standard information sent by a device for personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, and audience insights, as well as to develop and improve products. Is this belief by millennials an example of the false uniqueness effect or false consensus effect? -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions. D. individualism, Baumeister (2003) reported that people who engaged in sexual activity at an early age, teen gang leaders, terrorists, and men in prison for committing violent crimes tend to possess: Your (false) assumption that Vlad is an athlete is MOST clearly an example of: Suppose that Mr. Yipol gives 100 students a reading exam. D. self-concept, Researchers reported that both anxiety and depression are ______ correlated with self-efficacy. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. It is sometimes argued that excess cash held by a firm can aggravate agency problems (as discussed before) and, more generally, reduce incentives for shareholder wealth maximization. A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed A. B. self-monitoring Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. A. Joel who lives in Hawaii phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed, A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's: Jorge just received an A+ on a physics exam. A. social rank C. a social comparison The older students get, the more variance there is in their reading test scores. Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. A. postive . However, the economic system of most of the world's nations are a combination of the ___ system and the ___ system Central planning, price The three . Psychologists have often attributed the false-consensus effect to a desire to view one's thoughts as appropriate, normal, and correct, and a plethora of experimental evidence has supported the phenomenon. Later, Joe learnsthat his sister's opinion was based on the fact that her boyfriend from "up north" recently dumped her. Explain the difference between screening decisions and preference decisions. Both are a direct request. In conversation, she finds out that he is a collector of rare books. He answers question #31 with D but isnt sure about it. It Affects Future Purchases: When you are planning to take a car. C. perform moderately well. Chloe dyes her hair blue and goes to school. A. ourselves as superior to the competitor However, researchers have also found that. A. high self-esteem It appears that people with this kind of brain damage, Research on the brain sizes of humans and other animals shows that. D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. the false uniqueness effect. How did Asch's study prove the concept of normative social influence? D. learned helplessness, Which statement about predicting your own behaviors or relationships is TRUE? Recall the "Castro study" conducted by Jones and Harris. A. small, selective university D. self awareness, According to the text, self-esteem typically _____ in Japanese exchange students after they spend several months at a Canadian university. What decision barriers must marketers overcome if consumers are aware of the Diderot effect? D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. This thought is an example of, The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as, Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as, A well-known test used in psychological research plays on the distinction between automatic and controlled processing. Thus, sometimes individuals tend to believe that others are more similar to them than is actually the case. A. low self-esteem When people encounter information that is at odds with an existing schema. . C. focused on having positive relationships A. specific; truthful One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Religion - Rituals & Violence & Scriptures &, American Government U.S. Constitution study G. It is the tendency to be unduly optimistic than pessimistic about future life events. What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem quizlet? Mark is likely to score _____ on measures of self-esteem and _____ on measures of self-efficacy. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events D. Jill who lives in Malaysia. How does the status of group members impact conformity? D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. Click the card to flip . They forget that there is a difference between the level of knowledge they have on the topic compared to . Comformity is a change in behavior, belief, or both, to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure. What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? The three types of social influence are information social influence, situational factors, and normative social influence. These people thought: "Why didn't everyone simply take the family minivan and go stay with family somewhere?" B. less attractive than others This effect is due to, Hilder is on the so-called "South Beach diet", which restricts her from eating foods that are high in carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, potato chips, and pretzels). Three-year-old children tend to think that the Stroop test is really easy, as compared to 6-year-old children, 12-year-old children, or adults. D. low self-efficacy, The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called: C. both the intensity and the duration -say that the last flip is more likely to be heads OR say that the last flip is more likely to be tails. Mr. X thinks that George W. Bush became president of the U.S. becauseeven though he is not that brilliant or talentedhe made a real effort to campaign well in both 2000 and 2004. B. collectivists; individualists The false consensus bias is the tendency to see our own attitudes, beliefs and behavior as being typical. This cognitive bias tells us that our "sense" is common sense and that differing opinions are "abnormal.". D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, You have tried to study for an exam with flashcards, with a friend, and with your notes - all to no avail. C. social ratings C. high self-efficacy How does the mode of responding impact conformity? B. low; low We tend to think that others would agree with us or see things our way. Most people with high self-esteem value individual achievement and relationships with others. False Uniqueness Effect. In short, we take credit for our successes but not for our failures. This misconception seems to arise from __________, since plane crash fatalities tend to be widely publicized and are therefore relatively easy for people to bring to mind. mate, we observe the false consensus effect. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. C. everyday hassles 90%; 41% Social psychology is interested in how the group affects the individual and vice-versa. -believe many Mormons collect rare books. After the winning touchdown was scored he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" Confusion over why someone treats you in a particular way is called a. emotional climate b. expectancy effect attributional ambiguity d. self-fulfilling prophecy 14. then it is unclear what type of attributions people will make. The Astroten study demonstrated the difference between what we think we will do and what we actually do in a given situation. C. the right hemisphere According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, in determining what type of attribution to make for this event, one of the questions you are likely to ask yourself is: "Has Gus ever given me a 'bad check' before?" 110.Brian watches smugly as the car ahead of his is pulled over for speeding. -internal and unstable, external and unstable, The so-called "Sports Illustrated jinx"the tendency for athletes to experience a dip in performance directly after appearing on the cover of Sports Illustratedcan be BEST explained by. Social psychologists use the term __________ to refer to activating a concept in mind. She is trying to take her mind off of her ex-boyfriend, though, and to focus her attention on other things instead. D. general; inflated, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: C. impression management I would have gotten an A+ too. A. a confederate D. more aggressive, When asked "Who are you?" She then goes ahead and orders a deluxe chocolate milkshake. D. emotions, Which of the following is false? If Raquel is like most people, then she will MOST likely. C. the self-serving bias. In technical terms, the False Uniqueness Effect is an attributional bias of self-perception and belongs to the social psychology domain. On the day they arrive at his home to meet him, he greets them in ripped sweat pants and a stained T-shirt. Psychology questions and answers. If you made an internal, unstable attribution for Roger's promotion, then you might think to yourself, "Roger probably worked really hard to get that promotion!". B. collectivistic Research indicates that people are especially likely to engage in the false consensus effect when it comes to _____, and especially likely to engage in the false uniqueness effect when it comes to _____. That is, one of the things you ask about is. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual C. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities. This relates to the diffusion of responsibility, because no one person had the full responsibility to help. A. high self-esteem D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation, Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. C. self-worth D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others, The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as: Later, his fianc tells him that her parents were unimpressed with him. The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. Even though Vlad never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes), drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere. Self-serving bias refers to a tendency to attribute one's successes to personal characteristics, and one's failures to factors beyond one's control. Zimbardo's study shows that even emotionally stable, normal young educated people are vulnerable to the power of the situation roles (police, prison guard). C. moderately A. internal D. other-centered, Jill just began a new relationship with Pete. B. skill; chance Yogurt that is "low fat" can be described as "95% fat free" or as "5% fatty." D. neither individual achievement nor relationships. D. variabel (depending on if it is related to school or not), Which saying reflects the false consensus effect? A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. A. self-handicapping The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in __________ research. Barbara was really shocked when her candidate was not elected. While it might well be the case that the reading program actually negatively impacted the students' reading ability, Mr. Yipol would be wise to consider that the decrease could be due to __________. C. general; truthful This suggests that self-concepts become more individualized after visiting Western countries. D. self-schema. Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. Your mind races to determine whether to make an internal attribution ("Is this guy just crazy?") Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. to underestimate the number of other. -people's general reluctance to do much extra thinking. A. strong B. social comparison Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The teacher is probably trying to. Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. Which of the following kinds of thinking can help explain the first instinct fallacy? Scarcity of resources Flashcards. To Mr. Yipol's astonishment, though, the students actually perform worse this time. b. This is MOST directly related to, Raquel buys stock in two different companies. the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? Also, participants were told either (a) that the essay-writer got to choose which side to take (pro- or anti-), or (b) that the essay-writer was ASSIGNED to one side or the other. Your friend says: "Let's go for it. It is the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. You and a friend are visiting a new city and would like to splurge and go out for a fine meal. What is the false consensus effect quizlet? Every single time it comes up heads. You flip a coin ten times in a row. The next morning, however, his mood returned to normal. C. immune neglect Paul's response demonstrates: Sociology is interested in how the group behaves and how groups interact with each other and society. -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. Many people don't quit smoking despite all the negative health information available. B. the corpus collosum The Stroop test is a psychological test that highlights. When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: If you make an external attribution for this event, then you might well be thinking, "So what! C. perform moderately well She loves to read, surf the web, hike, go camping, and cook vegetarian meals. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, many people were stranded without access to food, shelter, or other resources. B. social surroundings affect our self-awareness. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." B. A. failure and distance ourselves from success Which of the following statements is true about the false uniqueness effect? characteristics and abilities. the distinction between automatic thinking and controlled thinking. C. large, selective university a. This is an example of: This best illustrates the ____ effect. Given the research on cognitive errors and biases, it can be concluded that. Think of it like this. B. the competitor as superior to us B. unrealistic optimism. D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration. B. we are more vulnerable to depression For example: Thinking that other people share your opinion on controversial topics; Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you; how individuals think about social relationships and about other people. He then selects the 5 students with the highest scores for a special reading program. Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. D. self-serving bias. their undesirable characteristics, their desirable characteristics, The ultimate attribution error refers to the tendency for people to make internal attributions to explain, When people want to suppress a thought, the conscious mind works to. C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments Moving to another question will save this response. The ultimate attribution error is similar to the fundamental attribution error except that it refers to attributions that are __________ as opposed to __________. C. progressives; traditionalists Exam 1 Study Guide. the false uniqueness effect is quizlet dr thomas horn wikipedia. D. feared possible selves; hoped-for possible selves, Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time. The false uniqueness effect is the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and successful behaviors. D. individualism, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. ", Dr. Canne wants to encourage Kirk to lose weight. B. small, non-competitive university If you assume it is because his car happened to break down right then and there, in the red zone, then you have made, The tendency for people to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which they can imagine or mentally visualize it is known as, A psychologist who performs research on social cognition would be MOST likely to study. The exam was really easy. When most people think of the concept "sleeping," they also tend to think about concepts like "dreaming," "being tired," and "yawning." Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people change their attitudes to reduce the cognitive discomfort created by inconsistencies between their attitudes and their behavior. C. false modesty How can you change an implicit attitude? 1 / 36. Which of the following will NOT help debias someones thinking? A knowledge structure that contains information about a concept and its relationship to other concepts (e.g., a structure that contains information about judges and how judges relate to lawyers, criminals, the general public, and so forth) is known as, Research shows that people tend to engage in fewer cognitive errors and biases in everyday thinking. False Uniqueness Effect. Narcissists value: A. decreases People tend to want to explore MOST issues thoroughly before making decisions. C. we can overcome anything The tendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all after just one exposure to a group member performing a behavior illustrates the. Attribution theory is MOST concerned with, The paradoxical effects of thought suppression have been linked to psychological disorders such as. Put Quizlet study sets to work when you prepare for tests in False Uniqueness Effect and other concepts today. carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision. C. progressives; traditionalists Vocab Level E Unit 5 - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world!. A. self-handicapping Compared to their performance when alone, when in the presence of others, they tend to perform better on simple or well-rehearsed tasks and worse on complex or new ones. she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. D. an external locus of control, When you give a presentation in class and feel extremely nervous you will tend to . C. everyone does it! D. an internal locus control, Which part of the brain seems to be involved in maintaining our sense of self? Suppose that the campus newspaper publishes an article about it, invoking external, stable attributions. In a famous early study in social psychology, fans of two rival football teams were asked to watch footage of an actual game that was very close. Marshabecause of the simulation heuristic, Suppose that you are a landlord for an apartment building, and one of your tenants, Gus, has just paid his rent with a "bad check" (i.e., you tried to deposit his rent check in the bank, but the check "bounced" and was returned to you). C. ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths What is the difference between internal attribution and external attribution? magical thinking. A. individualistic B. Angela who lives in Alabama A. individualists; collectivists D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, Goel et al. is the tendency to underestimate the extent others actually possess the same attributes or talents and positive traits as yourself. The false uniqueness effect occurs when. 1970s, a movement within social psychology. Once he feels like he knows that, he goes on. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. You begin to feel that you should give up, as whatever you do does not seem to help your exam scores. What is the difference between compliance and obedience? D. no one is, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be illegal and she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. C. practice B. experience great difficulty. These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. Attractive request -> less attractive request. When people make the fundamental attribution error about entire groups of people (as opposed to individuals), psychologists say that they are making the ultimate attribution error. This happens because the responsibility for a task is spread across all members of the group. The false uniqueness effect is the tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors. D. illusion of transparency, When we compare ourselves with others, most of us tend to: The tendency for people take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures is known as. 8% of girls born in the United States in 2010 received one of the 10 most common names a stimulus that activates further processing of the same or related stimuli. D. low, Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. A. self-handicapping C. moderate D. learned helplessness, Political conservatives tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. B. terror management theory The "correspondence bias" is another term that is used to refer to. A. liberal The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as the conjunction fallacy. . B. view everyone as relatively average C. self-centered A. self-concept people who share one's most prized. B. increases Informational social influence is influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain. the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors. D. an external locus of control, High school students who finished near the top of their class are more likely to experience a threat to their academic self-esteem if they attend a: Joe takes on his sister's view that all people from "up north" are snobs. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normative social influence is to seeking _____ as informational social influence is to seeking _____. B. self-efficacy In other words. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. illusory correlation. What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? the tendency. Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. For example, if I enjoy eating chocolate ice cream cones, I will tend to . The first 19 flips are all heads. B. weak In part 1, be sure to name and define the effect you have chosen. A. he is self-handicapping The covariation principle was proposed by Harold Kelley. Introducing Cram Folders! Write two or more paragraphs about ways older consumers can protect themselves from sellers who are not fair and honest. C. the self-deprecating bias A. compare ourselves to close friends However, if this attempted thought suppression results in ironic processing, then Yesi will end up. B. rage A. strong A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure. That is, when they think about "sleeping," related concepts are __________. C. the competitor as disadvantaged in comparison to us B. conservative C. illusion of transparency; self-reference Which of the following is the BEST example of a schema? The essay was always about Castro, but it was either pro-Castro or anti-Castro. D. internal locus of control; self-concept, In the U.S., those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _______ than those living in the Mountain West states.
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