Homeschooled children have stronger relationships with their parents and As Table 6.1 illustrates, there are many new things for children to get used to in the school setting. They found that popular girls held the most power and displayed this power in their ability to police the adherence to numerous unspoken rules about other girls dress and behaviour. Chapter 4-Socialization-Sociology.ppt Homeschool Socialization: How to Keep Your Child Connected 6. Opponents of streaming note that those from disadvantaged and working-class backgrounds are disproportionately found in the vocational stream (Cheung 2007; Davies and Guppy 2006). 2. Both male and female skaters also widely rejected the values associated with the popular crowd. 8. Socialization 101: Definition, Agents, and Examples of Socializing In conclusion, the agent of socialization refers to the various social institutions, groups, and individuals that shape an individual's social identity and behavior. How do students learn gender at school? Other perceived benefits of school uniforms, such as improved student achievement, improved self-esteem (particularly if less well-off students cannot afford the latest fashions), and the overall improvement of the learning environment (Pate 2006), have also been touted as rationales for implementation. Tom Lee. Define peer victimization, peer rejection, and relational aggression. These play a foundational role in socialization, particularly through schools.Modern video games are often a social environment whereby you may play with others and communicate. The most frequently mentioned motivations were the desire to bond the family through a common educational pursuit, objections to the organization of schools, and a desire to personally enrich the curriculum. School helps your child learn skills to relate to different personality types. Education serves as an agent of socialization because it engages students in competition in academic success which helps create a social environment for students to interact in. Similar to peer victimized children, peer rejection may occur simply because a child is perceived as being different in some way from other members of the peer group. Because each province in Canada handles its own curriculum, how streaming occurs in school varies greatly by jurisdiction. Home schooled children typically follow the curriculum of their province of residence. Cooperating, taking turns, and practicing self-control are examples of social rules. 52 Examples of a Social Experience John Spacey, June 09, 2022 Social experiences are interactions with other people. The goal of such acts is to damage others reputations and social standings within the peer group. Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplish two main goals. Often such students have difficult home lives and such supports may be lacking in the home environment. It is not surprising that some teachers interactions with disruptive students can be hostile and critical. More participatory models of school rule enforcement and creation do exist, however, such as in alternative schools (see Box 6.4). The school rules, which must be followed by students, exist at the core. Teachers are more than just a new person from whom the child must take direction; they influence the socialization of children in several ways. Streaming not only serves to increase the efficiency of teaching and classroom management, but also results in social groupings of students that have significant social meaning within and outside of the school. A teacher, for example, is largely in charge of the student, but the relationship that a child has with a teacher is far less intimate than the relationship a child shares with his or her parents; A student must also adapt to spending a significant amount of time in large groups; A child must learn to be independent to achieve the academic goals of school; A child must also learn to form bonds and develop social bonds with other children in school; and. In many ways, the teacher serves as a parental replacement during school hours, although this figure must be shared with many other children and the relationship is more emotionally distant. The popular girls self-described their sense of fashion and interest in their appearance and popular culture. Pomerantz (2008) studied the school identities of girls at a high school on Vancouvers east side. Students may have to stand in orderly lines in order to have a drink of water. What is the relationship between school rules and the socialization of students? Positive peer group support has been found to be associated with academic success and prosocial behaviours. Agents of Socialization: Family, Schools, Peers and Media Students who have good relationships with their teacher are also likely to have better mental health, feel more connected to their school, and experience positive academic outcomes (Jennings and Greenberg 2009). Moral education and character education are even found in some provinces curricula (Box 6.1). Many schools across North America have official codes of conduct to be followed by teachers and students. Dunstable School in Alberta, for example, has instituted policies that promote socially desirable behaviour. Girls are bullied for being unattractive, not being dressed fashionably, and being physically overdeveloped (Shakeshaft and Barber 1995). The reading scores of boys have been framed by many as a global moral panic (because of the attention the issue is receiving around the world) because there is a perception that outperformance by girls threatens the established gendered social order. In addition to features of the school and teacher characteristics, a major part of socialization at school involves students interaction with their peer group. Social experiences are required to develop communication and social skills. Socialization Examples Being bullied can also result in the victim becoming physically and/or mentally ill (Sharp 1995; Williams, Chambers, Logan, and Robinson 1996). The home schooled also tended to attach a great deal more importance to religious beliefs than the comparable population. Many researchers have called the reaction to perceived underachievement by boys a global moral panic (see, for example, Griffin 2000; Smith 2003; Weaver-Hightower 2003). Pomerantz argues that dress codes are not simply neutral school policies; they also impact on the creation of gender, sexuality, and race. As noted by the authors of these studies, such findings also suggest that zero tolerance policies that result in the suspension of problem students may be doing additional damage as they serve to severely weaken the bond that a child has with his or her school (Sprott, Jenkins, and Doob 2005). Being the member of a peer group that engages in deviant or rebellious behaviour, for example, may increase the bond of students within those groups but also serve to reinforce related attitudes and behaviours that result in poor school performance. Streaming is a topic that is hotly debated (Loveless 1999). Currie and Kelly (2006) found that the popular girls in their study tended to be slim, dress in a sexy manner, and wear lots of makeup, according to non-popular girls. This type of socialization is accomplished through teachers emphasizing the desirability of certain virtues, such as hard work, equity, being nice, and so on. Within the outer ring, teachers are also included as exemplars of moral behaviour (see Box 6.1). Sussman et al. Fraternities and sororities are elite student clubs at North Social control: Social institutions help to maintain stability and order within society. Check provincial ministry of education websites for curriculum requirements and identify the differences between streams. Examine how official documents discuss the objectives of the different groups of courses. This story represents school at its most frightening and disturbing. These ideals are normatively approved and accepted models of what a student should be like to fit into schooling contexts, not only in North America but in virtually all places where formal schooling occurs. Explain how relationships with teachers and the social climate of the school impact upon socialization. What is streaming? What are the outcomes of home schooling in terms of the socialization of children? Arai (2000) found in a study of Canadian parents who home schooled their children that most indicated that they objected to specific parts of public education rather than the institution as a whole. Their role in guiding the moral development of children, however, is often not simply limited to setting a good example. Use Google to find home schooling advocacy groups in Canada. Sokal (2010) found no evidence that computer-assisted literacy programs had any influence on Canadian males from low socioeconomic backgrounds who struggled with reading. The term zero tolerance first gained popularity in the area of law enforcement in the United States. Students academic abilities are identified early in their academic career through the grades they receive. In an overview of studies (Sussman et al. Victims also tend to experience irritability (Sharp 1995), anxiety (Olweus 1978; Salmon and James 1998; Sharp 1995; Slee 1994), and anger and self-pity (Borg 1998). In Canada, children from elementary to high school levels spend about seven hours a day at school for about 200 days of the year. Not all post-secondary institutions, however, accept ELA 30-2 for entry. Social approval is obtained when children accept the sanctioned goals of the school setting and they are rewarded and reinforced on a consistent basis through social acceptance by teachers and other students (Wentzel and Looney 2006). Raby (2005) and Pomerantz (2007) also suggest that dress codes are more likely to be enforced on more physically developed females or those who belong to stigmatized subgroups (e.g., Goths). Such reading materials functioned as a type of social or cultural capital within their groups of friends. Since the 1990s, however, this has reversed, with girls getting the higher scores, particularly in reading. Schools are directly responsible for making people worthwhile in their respective societies. Schools and Socialization - Econlib As noted by Raby (2005), the language of school codes of conduct suggests that young people are seen to be incomplete, at risk, and in need of guidance, a position that legitimizes school rules and their enforcement (p. 73). (Ontario Ministry of Education 2009) were circulated to teachers in order to put creative strategies in place for improving boys literacy. Resistance by youth to the socialization forces of the school and its inherent power relationships can be expressed in a variety of ways. The term became associated with school disciplinary procedures in 1994 when the Gun-Free Schools Act was passed in the United States, which required that students who possessed a firearm at school be expelled for no less than one year (Cerrone 1999). Instead of passive citizens who are expected to follow rules handed down from positions of authority, students in these alternative schools are active citizens who participate in the democracy of the school structure. Socialization Recent immigrant youth may also be placed in lower tracks due to their English language skills, rather than their overall academic ability (Sweet et al. What are some examples of streaming? His teacher Describe how they all impact on student socialization. 2007). For example, in 2007 British Columbia passed a law require all schools to have codes of conduct and a zero tolerance policy toward bullying. How do they contribute to student socialization? Benefits. Codes of conduct are of particular interest because they have been created under the auspices of improving school safety. Socialization that occurs within the family, where children first learn their own individual identity, acquire language, and develop cognitive skills. Of course, popularity is a factor in social identity. This phenomenon of a network of disadvantageous social ties has been called negative social capital (Portes 1998). But why would home schooled children be better socialized, as many American proponents have indicated? [S]tudents who aspire to careers that involve the development, production, teaching and study of more complex texts need to register in this course sequence. The table above shows the differences and similarities between the curricula of the two streams. Socialization Research Paper Such instances spark debate around the role of schools in promoting particular social values. Being presented with that curriculum is one way that children are socialized into becoming desirable members of the public. Indeed, this is a problem facing a great deal of Aboriginal youth in Canada. Agents Of Socialization: Family, School, Peers, And 2010). Girls who wear tank tops and are reprimanded are at risk of being deemed immoral or slutty, and boys who violate certain rules aimed at them may be labelled gangsters. Pomerantz argues that implicit in many of the dress code discourses is the message that it is a females moral duty to keep herself covered. Structural and Social Inequalities in Schooling, After reading this chapter, you will be able to. Teachers, however, shape the socialization of students by other processes as well, which are discussed below. Box 6.4 Alternative Approaches to School Rules. For example, schools teach children how to behave appropriately in society. What kinds of topics do they discuss on their websites? One suggestion for improving boys literacy is to incorporate more boy friendly books into the curriculum.9 Books that are about adventure and those that are non-fiction are thought to appeal to young males, while novels are more appealing to young females. Peer victimization and rejection have been found to be associated with psychological distress that carries over into adulthood (Ambert 1994; Bagwell, Newcomb, and Bukowski 1998; Roff 1990; Roth, Coles, and Heimberg 2002). Creating and enforcing codes of conduct can therefore be viewed as a form of socialization whose objective it is to create the desirable student. Critics (see Apple 2000) also object to the presentation of the public schooling system as a failure and argue that the home schooling movement, particularly the neo-conservative home schooling movement in the United States, serves to segment and divide the population, essentially creating more problems than it actually solves. If students believe that their teacher has lower expectations of them, this can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy of low achievement. Socialization in the Schooling Process, 7. In other words, inherent to such arguments are notions that only men can teach to male students and that the loss of males from the profession and the subsequent lowering of boys scores relative to girls is evidence of how feminization of the school is harming boys (Froese-Germain 2006). Standardized tests (discussed in Chapter 5) often exert considerable influence in allocating children into specific streams. In this chapter, the complex role of socialization within schools was introduced. See Box 6.3 for further discussion about zero tolerance policies in Canada. No scientific evidence has been found that supports the idea that males perform better when taught by male teachers, either in Canada (Coulter and McNay 1993; Sokal et al. As well, bully victims are often targeted for being too smart (Fried 1997) or below average intelligence (Olweus 1978) and being of a lower socioeconomic background (Bernstein and Watson 1997). Within the family, children are socialized into particular ways of thinking about morals, cultural values, and social roles. Schools codes of conduct serve to penalize those who do not conform. American research has found that the home schooled tend to succeed when they attend university (Ray 2004) and were more likely to have at least some college education compared to the general American population. In April of 2007, zero tolerance policies were removed from Ontario schools.6. They were more likely to be found in social service, health, and creative occupations, and were more likely to report participating in cultural and group activities than those who were not home schooled. The OHRC also found that racial minority students were also disproportionately represented among those who had been disciplined with suspensions and expulsions under the act. Davies and Aurini (2003) argue that Canadian parents who home schooled advocated for pedagogical individualismin other words, home schooling allowed them to cater to their childs individual learning styles and interestssomething that would not be possible in a classroom of 25 (or more) students. What solutions are being offered? Changes in specific school dress codes shift according to trends in popular fashion. Students who exhibit higher academic aptitude are put with similar students into advanced courses where they will be challenged. The number of children who are home schooled is on the rise in Canada. Finally, the question of how home schooling affects the socialization of children was addressed. Box 6.5 Declining Male Performance in ReadingA Moral Panic? Such rules were routinely broken and created resentment among students for what they perceived as ridiculous rules that teachers spent far too much time enforcing, and were often seen to enforce in targeted and unegalitarian ways. Peer aggression can also take the form of relational aggression, which has been identified as behaviour specific to girls (Artz 1998; Simmons 2002). When peer group relationships are positive, it is reasonable to assume that the school environment is a supportive and potentially enjoyable one. The topics that children learn about and how they are presented are just one way that school acts as a socializing agent. Children, however, will now have other significant people in their lives from whom they will learn the skills of social interaction. incorrect; in the context of education, the expectations that teachers have about their students influence how they behaved toward them, which in turn, influences students motivation and performance. An analysis of the relationship between character and citizenship education revealed that the overarching message was to promote assimilation into Canadian society (Winton 2007).4. Schools with the most severe discipline problems usually have the worst social climates as well. According to Simmons (2002), there are rules for how good girls act, and participating in overt acts of violence does not conform to this role. 2003). While the characteristics of teachers in the process of socialization have been discussed above, another related feature that has been found to be associated with behavioural outcomes in children is school climate. In an analysis of streaming processes by province, Krahn and Taylor (2007) examined how course selection limited the post-secondary education options available to students in selected provinces. Within the school setting, social competence is achieved when students embrace and achieve socially sanctioned goals. The latter is oriented for someone who wishes to achieve university or post-secondary prerequisites (see Box 6.2 for some comparisons of applied and academic trajectories in Canada). Teachers who hold negative stereotypes about low-achieving or minority students may also expect such students to consistently perform poorly. The influence of social capital, however, does not always work in a manner than enhances academic achievement and prosocial behaviours. The series of courses a student should take that best matches his or her abilities and aptitudes; also known as tracking. The term streaming(also known as tracking) refers to the series of courses a student should take that best matches his or her abilities and aptitudes. Elites were regarded as having high status, and members were generally successful in extracurricular activities and academics. course sequence provides for the study of texts at a variety of different levels of sophistication, to meet the needs of a more diverse student population in terms of student aspirations and abilities, students who aspire to post-secondary education, but not necessarily to careers related to the English language arts, may register in this course sequence. Rules that students opposed were those that seemed pointless and arbitrary, particularly those around dress codes (Raby 2005). Popular girls and boys also tended to be part of high-status school-sponsored school activities, namely cheerleading (for girls) and team sports (for boys). For example, the government funds public schools, which play a key role in children's socialization.
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