On the eve of Choti Holi . [153], The husk and shells can be used for fuel and are a source of charcoal. [158], The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club of New Orleans traditionally throws hand-decorated coconuts, one of the most valuable Mardi Gras souvenirs, to parade revelers. Because the nuts can fall from a height of 30 yards, in Southern Asia and Australia, monkeys (e.g., Malaya macaques) are trained to harvest them. The fresh kernel includes moisture 45% protein, 4%, fat 37%, minerals 4% and carbohydrates 10%. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. ~It also helps to make skin softer and more supple. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. Some cultivars are more drought resistant such as 'West coast tall' (India) while others such as 'Hainan Tall' (China) are more cold tolerant. Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries. Pintonesia Trading Corp has served customers from all over the world and it has become our top priority to meet our customers satisfaction and expectations. Choti Holi, also known as Holika Dahan, is an important Hindu festival celebrated throughout India, one day before the main Holi festival. Request Answer. Some of the intercrops identified include cassava, bananas, blackpepper and ginger. Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. Because of its properties that reduce appetite and boost metabolism, coconut oil can help in losing fat in the long term. [11] Many modern different varieties are also grown, including the Maypan coconut, King coconut, and Macapuno. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. The various products of Coconut include tender Coconut water, copra, Coconut oil, raw (2008). The global virgin coconut oil market captured significant revenue in 2016 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of around 11% over the forecast period. [4], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. The aim is to knock a coconut off the stand and win it. Coconut oil, aside from being used in cooking as an ingredient and for frying, is used in soaps, cosmetics, hair oil, and massage oil. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java. Traditional areas of coconut in India are the states of Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Goa, West Bengal, Pondicherry, Maharashtra and Islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. It might cause fullness or stomach upset in some people. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. Coconut water is LIKELY SAFE for most adults when consumed as a drink. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. It is the dominant form in the Indo-Atlantic coconuts. Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. [85], In cooler climates (but not less than USDA Zone 9), a similar palm, the queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), is used in landscaping. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the markets oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. [citation needed], Indonesia is the world's largest producer of coconuts, with gross production of 15million tonnes. Trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. Moreover, it also helps to increase productivity and improve agricultural product value. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. [77], Coconut has a number of commercial and traditional cultivars. Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. PT. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. and Koop Wind (Eds.). In Belize, coconuts are grown countrywide. [49][11][65][64], Another ancestral variety is the niu leka of Polynesia (sometimes called the "Compact Dwarfs"). The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. [65][64] The fact that all dwarf coconuts share three genetic markers out of thirteen (which are only present in low frequencies in tall cultivars) makes it likely that they all originate from a single domesticated population. Wild coconuts are naturally restricted to coastal areas in sandy, saline soils. The socio-economic importance of coconut sector in Jamaica Although agriculture's contribution to Jamaica's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has steadily declined over the past two decades (and in 2009 stood at 5.2%), this sector absorbs 20% of the country's employed labour force. The decreased buoyancy and increased fragility of this spherical, thin-husked fruit would not matter for a species that had started to be dispersed by humans and grown in plantations. Studies have shown that coconut oil can help in significant reduction in belly fat. [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. They played a critical role in the long sea voyages of Austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for Austronesian outrigger boats. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. Coconuts only came into prominence as an important food item after the 1860s and this was largely due to its use by the Indian indentured immigrants who had replaced the slaves on the plantations and who had used coconuts in a variety of ways in their native land. The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. For for the bucking horse, see. [58], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatn. [66] However, it can also be argued that the placement of the vulnerable eye of the nut (down when floating), and the site of the coir cushion are better positioned to ensure that the water-filled nut does not fracture when dropping on rocky ground, rather than for flotation. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. A coconut is the edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. Coconut The coconut has uses in jewelries, Happy Business India is leading exporters and suppliers of coconut from India to the global market with best quality which meets international standards. The fresh husk of a brown coconut may serve as a dish sponge or body sponge. in history at New Mexico State University. Add an answer. A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Neera is a delicious natural non-alcoholic beverage, extracted from the spathe or the immature flower spike of coconut trees. What is the economic importance of coconut? The meat of green coconuts is still developing, so they contain mostly water (2). Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. Very very educational many thanx for your elaborate description.Raheem, Your email address will not be published. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [27] "It made sense" to bring the affair to . The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. It is sweet and high in nutritional value. [92][93][94] Training schools for pig-tailed macaques still exist both in southern Thailand and in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. This is in line with our tagline, Office : Coconuts were introduced by Europeans to the Americas only during the colonial era in the Columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-Columbian introduction of Pacific coconuts to Panama by Austronesian sailors. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. (eds.). However they are mainly present as decoration, and the Australian coconut industry is small; Australia is a net importer of coconut products. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. [112], In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration declared that coconut must be disclosed as an ingredient on package labels as a "tree nut" with potential allergenicity. Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces. [37][38] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. Its development would . [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. The coconut oil is in great demand for edible purposes, for soap making toilet preparation. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent, and polyphyllous showing imbricate aestivation in both the whorls. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. The leaves are used for thatching houses, or for decorating climbing frames and meeting rooms in Cambodia, where the plant is known as d:ng.[158]. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. [13] Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. In Kerala, coconut trunks are used for house construction. It can be eaten as food or used as medicine. Based on linguistic evidence, the absence of words for coconut in the Taiwanese Austronesian languages makes it likely that the Austronesian coconut culture developed only after Austronesians started colonizing the Philippines. [96] A sprouting coconut seed is the logo for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, the Indonesian scouting organization. [28] In west-central India, numerous fossils of Cocos-like fruits, leaves, and stems have been recovered from the Deccan Traps. The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as toddy, also known as tub in the Philippines (both fermented and fresh), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia), karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati, and neera in South Asia. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Coconut buttons are often used for Hawaiian aloha shirts. How do you choose the best tender coconut. But this is uncommon. The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. Two of the pores are plugged (the "eyes"), while one is functional. Frison, E.A. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. Coconut fruit in the wild are light, buoyant, and highly water resistant. She has worked in some of the worlds most prestigious kitchens, and has published several cookbooks that have become bestsellers. [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. [176], It was the main food of adherents of the now discontinued Vietnamese religion o Da. It is cultivated by about 11 million farmers on 12 million hectares; 80% of total production comes from Asia (Adkins et al., 2006). However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. [97], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). Bangalore, Karnataka 560025, Monday to Friday 9:30 AM 5:30 PM The name comes from the old Portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. [143], The sap can be reduced by boiling to create a sweet syrup or candy such as te kamamai in Kiribati or dhiyaa hakuru and addu bondi in the Maldives. [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. Phylogenetic evidence supports the closest relatives of Cocos being either Syagrus or Attalea, both of which are found in South America. [185], This article is about the plant. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. For example, the Polynesian and Melanesian term niu; Tagalog and Chamorro term niyog; and the Malay word nyiur or nyior. [57] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). The dry husk yields coir, a fibre highly resistant to salt water and used in the manufacture of ropes, mats, baskets, brushes, and brooms. The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. [62] The two groups are genetically distinct, with the dwarf variety showing a greater degree of artificial selection for ornamental traits and for early germination and fruiting. Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. (2009), assigned it to Cocos based on the size and the ridged shape of the fruit. They control formation and circulation of fats in body. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. Want this question answered? Corrections? coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture and micropropagation. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. [90], A system of bamboo bridges and ladders directly connecting the tree canopies are also utilized in the Philippines for coconut plantations that harvest coconut sap (not fruits) for coconut vinegar and palm wine production. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. What are the physical characteristics of a coconut? Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. Coconut requires low to no inputs within an existing land use area unchanged in 100 years. She earned her B.A. When left to ferment on its own, it becomes palm wine. The shell, freed from the husk, and heated on warm ashes, exudes an oily material that is used to soothe dental pains in traditional medicine of Cambodia. Coconut production plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. It increases bold circulation in the kidneys and cause profuse dieresis. The distribution of the Pacific coconuts correspond to the regions settled by Austronesian voyagers indicating that its spread was largely the result of human introductions.
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