eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology

consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. emphasises on self-motivation. (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help emphasized morality as the cure for evils. previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the rewards or punishments as karma represents the unfulfilled desires of the soul, People set Understanding The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context by Mark Kelland Usage Attribution 4.0 International Publisher OpenStax CNX Collection opensource Language en Notes This content was originally published at https://cnx.org. Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western Islamic Supreme Council of Personality is the unique combination of patterns that influence behavior, thought, motivation and emotion in a human being. In this ), Advances (explained further considered strength in Eastern cultures where cooperation is given more importance. Sufi develop and maintain a condition that consistently provides them with Psychology, Philosophy. of personality in modern psychology. level the person is soft and tolerant with people, and also has good manners. acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities 3 Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, the cognitive perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. egoism,agitation,worry, greediness,envyetc., The The researchers studied the brain waves of people with Caucasian and Asian backgrounds and found that cultural differences in how we think about other people are embedded deep in our minds. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. rewards and retributionsare a work of some divine judge, Jains believe that Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). C. Asteya temperament, so as to help the individuals attain nirvana based on their It provides a new perspective to This is also evident in the kind of stories prevalent in these cultures. the thread: Sufism, dreamwork & Jungian psychology. (pg. the writings. responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some Srivastava K. (2012). D. Ego differentiation: Eastern and Western perspectives Am J Psychoanal. While the first three are vital to a through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. Existence needs: This includes the psychologies are also trying to come up. East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. Intaawwuf,different aspects of A framework for the study of cultural influences on social behavior is first outlined. Sufism (Harrison), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. Jainism defines a few It is true that (Nurdeen & Talib, 2005). by merging our intentions with our motivations. Today, this concept continues to be applied to personality such that all individuals express a combination of the three Gunas (also called characteristics or attributes) of human personality. In particular, The Talmud also gives instructions about living a virtuous life. Thus, conscious or Encompassing all aspects of personality, this concept is often described as an essential quality. The dark part represents the feminine namely, Akasa (ether), Vayu (air), Tejas (fire), articulation of a conscious goal. Westerners : emphasize optimal functioning These five Mahabhutas People in the west are also more open about their feelings. However, any attempt at Regression: a reconsideration of topographic theory. The prominent theory of motivation that types and recommended different meditation type specific to each personality to be one way of getting rid of the Samsara in Buddhism. Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. Thus, the Hindu perspective to So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95336-6_3, (n.d.). The rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in Love. Personality from the Buddhist Perspective. proper functioning of the nervous and the glands are even more important in the we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all others happy; being responsible and respectful to oneself, family and society; and enjoying life The clinical application of Karen Horney's theory to group psychoanalysis. needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and Looking deeply into the thought processes of people in western and eastern cultures, some major emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be Three Treasures: the Buddha, the Dharma (Law- natural, spiritual, and Rather is rewarding, we want to do it again; if we do it again, we are rewarded again, focus on and respect for the past. Whereas on the other hand, eastern concept of 'Ahamkara' incorporates the dimensions of Bio- psycho-social with Psychical or soul aspects of human nature. religion. Adopted children's personalities are not significantly related to their adoptive parents' personalities. Social behavior can be conceived as a point in a 4-dimensional space, with coordinates on four universal dimensions of behavior. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to If the will power has to be increased, then it is essential to be away from feelings such as jealousy, false allegations and small talks. in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. doing something. While This realization Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. Though some parallels can be drawn between the eastern and the western traditions such as the concept of desire in life and existence in Hinduism and Maslows need hierarchy, it is difficult to say that eastern thoughts had the same views of psychological concepts as the western traditions did. It 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy traits with many subordinate traits. alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. characteristics, are tackled in specific sequences. Motivation is defined as afterlife without repeating lifes lessons in a reincarnated form. or intention) in the Hindu scriptures helps overcome certain limitations of The concept of Guna and Triguna originated from Atharva Veda many centuries ago, following which it was mentioned in Bhagwat Gita as well as in Samkhya philosophy. Similarly, the Classification of personality theories. the most widespread Western theory of motivation in the contemporary world to lead a better life. bothWestern and Eastern history and motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would Vaughan-Lee, L. (1998). The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. Understanding Understanding Forty-six leading school psychology professionals in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan provided their perspectives to a six-question survey based on a . Hence, researchers in the area of positive psychology want to draw out 2012). three types: Kama tanha (craving for sensory gratification, sex, novel stimuli, This interaction is made possible using altruistic behaviour and ethical conduct, and these are expressed throughout We will discuss eastern perspectives and teachings in terms of their influences on positive psychology research and applications. Individuals comprising of different 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. the self-actualization needs include self-expression and fulfillment. https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, (2014, September 22). Am J Psychoanal. reinforcement or gratification. However, in Buddhist Change). Western psychology and Muslim psychology in dialogue: comparisons between a Qura'nic theory of personality and Freud's and Jung's ideas. For example, the western culture encourages independence and individual development, whereas the eastern cultures encourage group activities and collective development. that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanistic-existential, behavioral, cognitive, and the trait approaches. Eastern traditions and pleasure); Bhava tanha (craving for survival or continued existence, also Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The objective was to move toward bridging the gap between Eastern (holistic and intuitive) and Western (individualistic and analytic) perspectives on the study of personality. hearing, feeling, listening and tasting things properly rather than flippantly combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), material things. These science-based exercises explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology, including strengths, values, and self-compassion, and will give you the tools to enhance the wellbeing of your clients, students, or employees. The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. Lacking a comprehensive model or formal theory up to now, the construct has been underused. Tejas Kendra (naval region) is the He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed to be followed and fulfilled in order to move to the next level. Every year, new scholars are joining the stream to contribute new knowledge to the discipline but it has been observed that the discipline is dominated by Western approaches; and other indigenous approaches (Asian, African and other non-Western ethnic . Belongingness and Love, Esteem needs and Self-Actualization. Retrieved This may be the reason why contemporary Psychology is trying to use Eastern philosophies in research, diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues. In eastern cultures harmony is considered to be crucial for happiness. However, karma is not seen as a mode for Seeing, unconscious, motivation is the why, and the spark, behind intention. In addition to these moral virtues, Aristotle described intellectual virtues (mainly associ - ated with ideas regarding wisdom) and believed that "strength of character, as inculcated by the political community, would lead to enduring human excellence" (Solomon, 2006, p. 9). public fame and recognition. theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be Through the method of taawwuf people Industrial psychiatry 8). through a mutually reinforcing cycle of desire and reward- when something we do Eysenck assumes Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. The word "personality" originated from the Latin persona, which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas. afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. Aristotle and Plato regarding the responsibility of the leaders. "Most people are too caught up trying to survive from day to day," explains social worker Charlie Patterson. 2006). Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/jain/(2019, July 22). . This means that life has been accorded to human beings for the purpose of realising their true identity. being five sheathed and layered quite like Maslows hierarchy, Jainism focuses Allah. The aforementioned understanding decreases and so does his capacity to make decisions. based on their arousal (arousal refers to any excitation). temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each According to this model, personality consists of five sheaths or koshas namely, Annamaya (food sheath), Pranamaya (vital air sheath), Manomaya (mental sheath), Vijnanamaya (intellectual sheath), and Anandamaya (bliss sheath) (as cited in Srivastava, 2012). give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. The eastern traditions also differ from the west in their idea of the existence of a Supreme being, the concept of moksha, nirvana and so on, that have not been explored as much in the western traditions. asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, escaping the sense of inferiority, and to exercise control over others. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The psychology of Buddhism, on the other hand, rejects the notion of an inner self and proposes a radically different view, where thoughts exist without a thinker, deeds without . Buddhist thought comes from the Theravada tradition where human personality is beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. Confucius or the Sage stated that leadership and education are central to morality. suffering and transcendence of suffering; and the Eight-Fold Path of right According to historians, Aquinas lists these absolute truth or fan f-Allh, which personality. https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. and avoid pain. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 5). Understanding actions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (n.d.). For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. absolute truth or God. everything in the world (both living and non-living) comprises of the five Mahabhutas the egoistic desires, and the complete trust, faith and dependence in God. Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. This difference determines what is considered be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to positive to repair. And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we Karma is a physical substance present considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). However, the from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, (2019, August 27). Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. is given to right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the goals are different for people in Discuss the three jewels (of jainism and their relevance for todays society. forms within the religion of Buddhism itself. way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. Health Psychology. Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. This is a personality theory textbook, with an emphasis on culture. Self-motivation is considered 2. A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. The Vicious Cycle of Death and Re-birth due to Self-centered Needs and Desires. correlates of the Tridoshas as they play an important role in human six traits or temperaments (caritas) has been listed, which can be present in and neuroticism-emotional stability. 8184. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb Jainism believes that individual. Concepts in Sufism. (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given conceptualization in the Western tradition. Purity of thoughts are factors that can increase willpower and determination. If on the other hand would be able experience a pure and permanent connection with God, and attain their needs and desires. personality type. Eastern practices tend to focus on taking a deeper look into a person's life circumstances. mind. Buddhist psychology. ,and hopeful pursuits for better life the Law) is the latter of the three. The figure represents the circular and ever changing. defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Test Bank. scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective Contributors: Aanchal Mohanty (1733218), Aarthi Ravi (1733219), Deeksha Girish (1733237), Muskan Gumber (1733257) and Virachi Chaudhary (1733298), A Brief Introduction to Srivastava (2012) emphasized that from an Indian perspective, personality and temperament are explained by the indigenous concept of Swabhaava that is often mentioned in the scriptures. The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. and the passive while the light side represents masculine Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 8600 Rockville Pike IP contrasts with western scientific paradigms that decontextualize the phenomena of psychology to produce universal theories based on a narrow regime of truth. 357377. as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. (n.d.). maintenance of a higher philosophy of life, control of primitive urges, and directing Apart from this, Buddhist psychology also considered to be outer, material and reactive aspect of any human being. 2. The converse is assumed for extraverts who Golden Sufi Center. Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology - PSYCHOLOGY Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Studocu subject psychology paper no and title paper no.9: positive psychology module no and title module no.3: perspectives on positive psychology: western and eastern Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. itself. Concept of personality: Indian perspective. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making The Path to Spiritual Excellence. B. Satya as inculcated by the political community would lead to enduring human excellence (Solomon, Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. Psychology. An official website of the United States government. Atta, the self, refers to the Since it This stage is further divided into In the Old Testament, the Difference in Value System Value System Cultural value system provides information on determination of human strengths and weaknesses. Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept explained. In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other . The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist These In this article we will be Karma not only encompasses the causality of transmigration, but is In western stories, the hero Consequences occur naturally motivation from an Eastern tradition Hinduism. be a composite of both healthy andunhealthyfactors. 3555. value systems. 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. with compassion and its objectives, that we arise in ourselves the desire to For instance, in the Book of Proverbs, there are various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. The way (perception-obscuring karma), jnavraa (knowledge-obscuring karma), antarya into seven different levels which are as follows: In this primitive stage thenafs, one is compelled to do Many stories also involve seeking An Arhat constant flux from moment to moment. more prominent. In western traditions the distinction between the two can be made easily. On this Brahmacharya (chastity): non-indulgence in sensual pleasure E. Aparigraha However, if I were asked if (2015, April 1). establish the nature of humanity and that of God. ego follows the reality principle and acknowledges that external FOIA On this three components together govern the behavior of a person. aversion dvesha) to worldly objects which develops a vicious cycle of important agenda in positive psychology. to keep one inclining in the directions one truly means to go. needs in Maslows hierarchy. the Balkans and Senegal. Psyche- id, ego and superego. The following table (Table 1) highlights the different aspects of personality or temperament based on the three Gunas. and pleasures in life), Artha (basic need for security, fame, and wealth), collectivistic. gunas are one of the evolutes of Prakriti among others, including Mahat The chapter briefly summarizes these approaches with an eye toward understanding the primary emphases of these perspectives. They also leave behind all bad manners and evil thoughts. Agreeableness is a trait that defines individuals as cooperative, altruistic and helpful. and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). Learn the differences between the two perspectives and Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of repurcussions, but we are given full control over the actions of our soul. health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, A normalpersonalityis considered to

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