Maslow was a psychologist who, based on his early research with primates (monkeys), observations of patients, and discussions with employees in organizations, theorized that human needs are arranged hierarchically. e) expectancy or instrumentality or valence equals zero, d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. b) Feelings of inequity are determined solely by the individual's interpretation of the situation. To take precautionary measures. McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation microbiology lab final exam answers wordpress com, symbiosis microbiology lab manual pearson answers, microbiology lab manual growth medium sterilization, biology 1010 lab manual answers wordpress com, biol 230 laboratory manual the grapes . c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. e) organizational justice, ___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. To have ones needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Could we detect that need from her current behavior? Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. d. serving as a research framework. e) relatedness. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). c) Safety, self-actualization, and social Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. Identify situational conditions. LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. To achieve cleanliness, arrangement, organization, balance, neatness, tidiness, and precision. e) ERG theory, 65. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. Once satisfied, challenging jobs, additional responsibilities, and prestigious job titles can help employees satisfy higher-order esteem needs. Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. c) affiliation Why or why not? Job enrichment is one effective strategy; this frequently entails training and rotating employees through different jobs, or adding new challenges. b) Hierarchy of needs theory Biology questions and answers. ) First, when a need has been energized, we are motivated to satisfy it. Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. e) inducements, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by selecting people with proper abilities, training them well, providing them the needed resources, and identifying clear performance goals. relation to the euro, what is the a) Safety Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. C) an effort toward creating goals. c) Cells share similar chemical composition. Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. 50. e) ERG, 68. a) Acquired needs A lot of fishing, no fish, and no results equal failure! Murrays main premise was that people have a variety of needs, but only a few are expressed at a given time. A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . b) instrumentalities Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. esteem To please and win affection of a coveted object. ______________ is classified as a content theory. Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. exports to Europe? A high social power seeker satisfies needs for power by influencing others, like the personal power seeker. Many needs are learned. Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. b) Social Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . b) improved working conditions To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. 67. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. We strive to make the need disappear. High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. Good pay by itself will only make the employee neutral toward work; to attain satisfaction, employees need challenging job duties that result in a sense of achievement. b.) All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. c) Procedural justice c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. b) Task feedback, or knowledge of results, is likely to motivate people toward higher performance by encouraging the setting of higher performance goals. As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. b) Esteem To snub or jilt an object. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? b) It is best known through the work of J. Stacy Adams. e) group instead of individual goals. d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. c) Two-factor theory Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices Practice of loving kindness and equanimity (self-control/composure) within context of caring consciousness The Promotion contains a game of chance . d.) self-actualization Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? Theory choice. Employees can be dissatisfied, neutral, or satisfied with their jobs, depending on their levels of hygienes and motivators. b. Freud studies mainly "sick" people. b) 25 a) Esteem, social, and safety a.) If motivator needs are ignored, neither long-term satisfaction nor high motivation is likely. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except A. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun!. Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. 60. To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. Bitcoin or net neutrality, sea levels or factory farmingsocial causes bind us to a larger context or assume a higher purpose for living better. Once satisfied, employees will be motivated to build esteem and respect through their work achievements. The possibilities are endless. Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. a) Specific goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are no goals or vague or very general ones. Understand the contributions that Murray, McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg made toward an understanding of human motivation. Any discussion of needs that motivate performance would be incomplete without considering Abraham Maslow.8 Thousands of managers in the 1960s were exposed to Maslows theory through the popular writings of Douglas McGregor.9 Today, many of them still talk about employee motivation in terms of Maslows theory. Which of the following statements is true with regards to the research on Maslow's needs hierarchy? According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships? A. Hierarchy-of-needs B.Two-factor motivation C. Achievement motivation D. Equit y The text focuses on three content theories that have received the greatest amount of attention: the hierarchy-of-needs theory, the two-factor motivation theory, and the achievement motivation theory. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth are licensed under a, Major Characteristics of the Manager's Job, How the Brain Processes Information to Make Decisions: Reflective and Reactive Systems, Administrative and Bureaucratic Management, External and Internal Organizational Environments and Corporate Culture, The Internal Organization and External Environments, Organizing for Change in the 21st Century, Ethics, Corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability, Dimensions of Ethics: The Individual Level, Ethical Principles and Responsible Decision-Making, Leadership: Ethics at the Organizational Level, Ethics, Corporate Culture, and Compliance, Emerging Trends in Ethics, CSR, and Compliance, Cultural Stereotyping and Social Institutions, Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs, Trends in Entrepreneurship and Small-Business Ownership, Strategic Analysis: Understanding a Firms Competitive Environment, Gaining Advantages by Understanding the Competitive Environment, A Firm's External Macro Environment: PESTEL, A Firm's Micro Environment: Porter's Five Forces, Competition, Strategy, and Competitive Advantage, The Strategic Management Process: Achieving and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, The Role of Strategic Analysis in Formulating a Strategy, Strategic Objectives and Levels of Strategy, Planning Firm Actions to Implement Strategies, Measuring and Evaluating Strategic Performance, An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Influencing Employee Performance and Motivation, Talent Development and Succession Planning, Benefits and Challenges of Workplace Diversity, Situational (Contingency) Approaches to Leadership, Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership, Transformational, Visionary, and Charismatic Leadership, Opportunities and Challenges to Team Building, Factors Affecting Communications and the Roles of Managers, Managerial Communication and Corporate Reputation, The Major Channels of Management Communication Are Talking, Listening, Reading, and Writing, Formal Organizational Planning in Practice, Management by Objectives: A Planning and Control Technique, The Control- and Involvement-Oriented Approaches to Planning and Controlling, MTIIts Importance Now and In the Future, External Sources of Technology and Innovation, Internal Sources of Technology and Innovation, Management Entrepreneurship Skills for Technology and Innovation, Managing Now for Future Technology and Innovation, The New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority undertook a new approach to how they perform critical inspection and maintenance of subway components that are necessary to providing reliable service. b) self esteem To speculate, formulate, analyze, and generalize. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. Why? That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. a.) Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. Creative Commons Attribution License e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. c) more than one need may be activated at the same time They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. Manifest needs dominate our other needs. c) leaving the situation. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. citation tool such as, Authors: David S. Bright, Anastasia H. Cortes. e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. We will always satisfy our need for water before we satisfy our social needs; water needs have prepotency over social needs. The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except? One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. Needs can also be satisfied at some point but become active (dissatisfied) again. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards c.) Expectancy To accomplish something difficult. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals. c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. c) The theory does not account for regression. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. The nAff has important implications for organizational behavior. token economy i. As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. In 2016, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) launched a pilot program called Jump in which employees participated in challenges on ways to save water and electricity, as well as other sustainability issues. d) The research can only be replicated with the original method. d) goals that are easily stated in objective terms. c) It can vary across cultures. a) ERG theory Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth c) valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low a. On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals Why or why not? Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? A need is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect. According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. High need for achievement can also be important, but it sometimes results in too much concern for personal success and not enough for the employers success. McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. c) reinforcers There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. c) achievement. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. b) instrumentality A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: a. behavioral. Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. b) ERG VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. It focuses on employee motivation,. d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time They look at motivation from the perspective of our needs and aspirations. c.) physiological, safety, and social. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. Employees with high nPow can be beneficial to organizations. a. To put things in order. See Answer. d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. These are expectations for Mintzberg's interpersonal role of ____. The need for achievement (nAch) is how much people are motivated to excel at the tasks they are performing, especially tasks that are difficult. Furthermore, since meeting these needs does not provide satisfaction, Herzberg concludes that they do not motivate workers. Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. a) ERG theory collapses Maslow's five need levels into two need categories. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high a) expectancies The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. 61. d) Equity The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . d. Ken Wilbur. High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. Workers also took the opportunity to clean lighting fixtures, change bulbs, and repair platform edges while performing high-intensity station cleaning. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . a) Reinforcement The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. d) Goal setting c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. c) Expectancy Other people have lower affiliation needs. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). Subsistence a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs Skip to document . Matching b. Verifiability c . One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. c) procedural justice b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals You can think of content theories of motivation as focusing on WHAT will motivate us. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! How does this pay structure relate to self-determination theory (SDT)? Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. E) an attitudinal trait. A. Susternal Care Needs B. Think of this in terms of hobbies. Barton, Tynan. But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? b) difficult goals frustrate workers Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? a) achievement According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. b) Instrumentality d. The theory is unscientific. Of the three needs studied by McClelland, nAch has the greatest impact. b) People with a high need for power are drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. c) performance is higher with easy goals Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? a) felt negative inequity Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. __________ is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing. d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. e) feeling of personal growth. One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. a) Existence b) Hierarchy of needs theory a) existence factors That is, SDT posits that extrinsic rewards not only do not provide intrinsic motivation, they diminish it. d) an employee's responsibility to request that their managers develop need profiles required for success in different jobs ( True False) Question 10. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. d. goal-setting theory. We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. To be seen and heard. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. psychopharmacology j. existence According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. c.) relatedness 52. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. a) expectancies Our needs for food and water are instinctive. They simply dont exert as much effort in this area as high-nAff people do. The Anti-Immigration Protests. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards This need is oriented toward fulfilling responsibilities to the employer, not to the self. We say these people have a high achievement motive. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need.
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