His papa looked nothing like the man whod been dragged away from their home six months ago. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. notice him, maybe pull him and his family out of line. The family of Mahmoud intends to go to Aleppo. . Lights came on in houses nearby, and curtains ruffled as people looked out at the noise. [6], For the 1983 science-fiction novel by Piers Anthony, see, https://www.litcharts.com/lit/refugee/characters/mahmoud-bishara, "That Huge Surprise in His Own Family Genealogy? Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Mahmoud began without Waleed. Invisible, just as Mahmoud liked it. Not soldiersregular people. Khalid never answered another question in class, not even when the teacher called on him directly. A large portrait of Hitler hung in the middle of the room, watching over them all. (including. His gas-powered fishing boat rocked gently at a little pier nearby. To be an adult. He quickly called over two of the stewards, and soon they had the portrait down and were taking it from the room. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Captains got the engines maxed out. Has to, the other said. He blinked, still dazed, and then he understood. I traded my trumpet, she confessed. Or its a twelve-hour car ride, non-stop. Your name must be Summer, because youre making me sweat! The girl smiled, but Isabels mother slapped Lito on the leg. Down with Fidel! Papi! Isabel cried. Without their parents on the ship, they had skipped synagogue to play. Isabel also deals with a fair share of trauma that expedites this maturity: two years prior, her grandmother Lita drowned during a cyclone in Havana, and on this boat trip Isabels best friend, Ivn, is killed in the water by sharks. Dad, our house is gone! Mahmoud told him. Bishar al-Assad. Mahmoud Bishara (12) In what year did the Arab Spring come to Syria? Mama just shook her head, her eyes full of worry. Shed told her parents what shed done, but not Lito. Ill be a man soon enough, Josef told them. Papi had already tried to flee Cuba twice. 5.6 million refugees have left their home and 6.6 million more have been internally displaced within Syria.) Buskers played rumbas on guitars and drums. The German train car didnt feel any different than the Jewish car. Mahmoud's baby sister. Banned from movie theaters in Germany because she was a Jew, Ruthie had seen her first cartoon on board during movie night and loved iteven if it was followed by a newsreel with Hitler yelling about Jews. The soldiers direct them to a route that avoids the battles in return for a ride. No. I found us a ride, but we have to leave now.. tatatat!and bullets pinged into the car. Isabel shook her head. But they hadnt closed the door tight enough. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. The boy who had died so Ruthie could live. Assad and the Syrian army? We didnt want to leave our homes! another man yelled. In the seat beside him, Waleed sat up straight next to his open window, unmoving and unfazed. Look! Not everyone did it anymore, but to Lito it was like an art form. If you were invisible, the bad people couldn't hurt you, that was true. And so, until there is a speedy and efficient solution, we are suspending all obstacles so that those who wish to leave Cuba may do so legally, once and for all. You werent allowed to say things like that in Cuba. Please, Isabel said. They couldnt afford their old place, not since the Nazis told Josefs father he wasnt allowed to practice law anymore because he was Jewish. Or else someone will catch her and eat her. All four of them burst out laughing, and Josef and Renata pulled the two younger children away before they could be caught. Isabel thought he meant Luiss girlfriend, but instead he pushed some of the sacks of food and jugs of water out of the way and pointed to the bottom of the boat. What happens to Isabels boat at the end of Chapter 14? A specimen. But these police werent doing anything. -Graham S. The president and prime minister of Cuba during the period of, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Mahmouds arc examines the benefits and drawbacks of being invisible. The only sound was the soft crack of a bat and the roar of the crowd on the television. All right, then. Isabel was listening for the clave underneath the music, the mysterious hidden beat inside Canoes with homemade outriggers. Grabbed for him. Dont stop for anything. Flying highest above them all, as if to remind everyone who was in charge, was the red-and-white Nazi flag with the black swastika in the middle. They fell on him, hitting and kicking him for being a Jew, and calling him all kinds of names. He rolled out two matsone for him and the other for Waleed. There were no trees, no shade, no parks or football fields or rivers. But when he got her aboard, Ivn and his mother then reached their hands out for the two policemen who were chasing them. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Germany was his home. What were you thinking? the boy whispered. Each floor had a living room and a kitchen just like theirs, all decorated differently. Josef's journey. Papi! she called. Step after step, kilometer after kilometer, hed begun to think they would never, ever escape Syria. The man behind the steering wheel honked his horn and took the cigar out of his mouth to yell at her. Isabels narrative is eerily similar to that of many Cubans under the dictatorship of Fidel Castro. I am a college student studying to be an elementary school teacher. Josefs parents had always taken him to synagogue with them on Shabbos, even when other parents left their children with their nannies. Klaus had winced to show Josef how sorry he was that Herr Meier had done that to him. While the passengers wait to be allowed to disembark, Josef encounters Isabel's grandfather, Mariano Padron, who is a Cuban government officer bound by duty not to let the Jewish refugees in, despite feeling sorry for them. Daesh thought they were fighting the final war of the apocalypse, and anyone who didnt agree with their twisted perversion of Islam were infidels who should have their heads cut off. It doesnt matter, he said. Waleed didnt know it, but hed saved the day. Until 2011, when the Arab Spring came to Syria. Josefs family eventually chooses to emigrate by traveling to Cuba aboard the notorious MS St. Louis. Disappear. Theres no room. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Mahmoud grabbed the railing to steady himself and waited a long, breathless moment to see if the stairs were going to collapse. But the food shortages had driven more and more Cubans to el norte. Youssef, no! Mom cried. She had gone back for whatever she could take from the apartment. Or Lzaro? Those are all boy names! Isabel said. Im Renata Aber, said the older of the two girls, and this is Evelyne. They were sisters, and, amazingly, they were traveling alone. He had to do something. What do we do? What we should have done a long time ago. It is revealed at the conclusion of the novel that Lito was Mariano Padron, the Cuban officer who rescued Josefs father, Aaron, when he jumped into the ocean decades before. Jewish. Along with Isabel and Mahmoud, he is one of the books three protagonists. And just in time. Mahmoud looked up at where his apartment had been. Isabel listened as everyone listed more and more things they were looking forward to in the States. Josef decided to find out. Mahmoud felt as stunned as his mother sounded. Angry and desperate, hundreds of refugees begin to riot and try to push through the fence. Mahmoud realizes he is finally home. Well come for you soon enough. The Nazis trashed the rest of Josefs house, breaking furniture and smashing plates and tearing curtains. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Hana Bishara appears in. Theres no service again. An hour later, they are stopped by four soldiers with automatic rifles. She had bright eyes, wild brown hair cut in a bob and parted on the side, and a little gap between her two front teeth that made her look like a chipmunk. Well let you in maana. Its fine. Mahmoud finally sees the power of visibility when he decides to walk out of the Hungarian detention center and lead the other refugees on a 12-hour march to Austria. The Nazis had taken all this from them, from him, and now he and the passengers on the ship were taking it back. And the worst part was, Klaus had joined them. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Heart in his throat, skin tingling with goose bumps, Josef took the paper armband with the Star of David off his arm, slid it into the inside pocket of his jacket, and stepped through the door. They had been drafted into the police, and they werent allowed to leave. He glanced over his shoulder to make sure no one was listening. Head down, hoodie up, eyes on the ground. What does Mahmoud's mother give to a passing refugee raft in the Mediterranean, in pages 110 - 163? But now? At prayer time, Mahmoud, his family, and many of the other refugees stop to pray, disturbing the tourists that are traveling with them. the wall. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Hours later, the train pulled in to Hamburg Central Railway Station. They were supposed to be on holiday, seeing ancient ruins and beautiful Greek beaches, not stepping over filthy, praying refugees. (full context) .are glassy, but he is able to talk. Mahmoud Bishara is leaving Syria during the volatile regime of Bashar al-Assad in 2015. . An irregular rhythm that lay over the top of the regular beat, like a heartbeat beneath the skin. third person. Grade: A. Entertainment Weekly Harrowing, timely. People Magazine Nothing short of brilliant. Kirkus Reviews, starred review Memorable and tightly plotted. Publishers Weekly, starred review My father was almost arrested, Isabel said. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. People caught criticizing Fidel Castro were thrown into jail and never heard from again. Hush, Ruthie. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. Josef's story begins when Josef's father Aaron gets taken away on Kristallnacht and is sent to the Dachau concentration camp by Nazi Stormtroopers. Put that on. Mahmoud took his younger brother by the hand, turned around, and found a different way home. Waleed sat still as a statue, and he looked like one too. By now, May of 1939, most countries had stopped admitting Jewish refugees, or had lots of official applications you had to fill out and file and pay for before they would let you in. Isabel caught up with her father and grandfather, then parted ways with them on the Malecn, the broad road that curved along the seawall on Havana Harbor. I want to be able to choose who I vote for, Luis said. But, the difficulties persist as the boat is just a rubber dingy. See the top reviewed local solar panel installation companies in Witzhave, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany on Houzz. (including. They collapsed behind one of the lifeboats, panting and giggling. Being invisible was how he survived. But you have fish to eat. Aleppo had been an amazing city to grow up in. Refugee weaves together the stories of three families as they seek sanctuary in other countries. Everything else had to be left behind. Characters of Refugees Landau, Josef. No one is coming to help us. This is all a misunderstanding, Papa said. Nono! A man in Damascus, the capital of Syria, was imprisoned for speaking out against Assad. Could they? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Name the three main characters' moms., Name the younger siblings of Mahmoud and Josef., Where does Josef's boat go at first? And Waleed was centimeters from joining them both. His breath came quick and deep, and his hands clenched into fists. The rabbi stood in front of the crowd and read from Hosea. and more. To get you to Miami? The shadows grabbed them again and dragged them into the living room. The family takes a bus to reach a port city, but the promised boat that will transport them to Greece is not there. The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. And how exactly are they going to get better, Mariano? They endure false alarms like this for a week straight, returning dejectedly each time to an abandoned mall that offers shelter. She ran home again. He wrapped them all in a hug and kissed little Hana on the forehead. The Free Syria Army and al-Qaeda are fighting there now. The door next to Mahmoud opened, and one of the soldiers nudged him up from the floor and into the back with Waleed. Josef, his mother, and Ruthie stopped short just inside the first-class social hall. Youssef is characterized as a caring father and husband, trying to shepherd his family to safety in Germany. Wait! the sailor cried. Then he folded his hands over his stomach and said a brief prayer before reciting the first chapter of the Quran, the most holy book in Islam. One issue she experiences, however, is that she is unable to count a Cuban rhythm called clave, which she thinks is supposed to come naturally to Cubans. Overjoyed, Mahmoud's father agrees and the man makes arrangements for them. Even grumpy Seor Castillo chuckled. Our father is waiting for us in Cuba, Renata told them. Mahmoud el Wahb, writer (Turkey) Marcelle Shehwaro, New York NY (USA) . Mahmoud realizes it is up to him to do something. At last! That voice, thought Josef. Thats when theyll snatch us. on her iPhone. Please! Mahmoud cried. It wasnt US agents. The family decides to trust it once again and the old man drives them to the dock. Isabel blinked. They called it Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass. The man reached out for them. Random death from a fighter jets missile or a soldiers rocket launcher might come at any moment, when you least expected it. Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. The boy thrust the armband at Josefs chest. Another policeman had caught his arm! Get books for your students and raise funds for your classroom. Again. Youre not much to look at, are you, kitty? Isabel said. Every sailor they met doffed his cap at them, and the steward who showed them to their cabin assured them that they could call upon him for anything they needed while on board. The police were shooting at them! Isabel sipped from a bottle of soda. But Syrians knew protesting in the streets was dangerous. Tomorrow. When Mahmoud and his family are placed with a host . For me, Josef said instead. Its French, and old, and plays like a dream. The fisherman sighed. Today she was wearing her usual around-the-house attire: jeans and a pink nurses shirt she used to wear to work. Gratz is the best-selling author of more than a dozen novels for children, including Refugee, which debuted on the New York Times best-seller list in August, and Ban This Book, which was released just last week. Mahmoud had been doing his math homework at the kitchen table, but he automatically put his pencil down and went to the sink to wash up. The vacationers dropped their voices, and even though Mahmoud couldnt understand what they were saying, he could hear the disgust in their words. She could fix that too. No. After Herr Meier had called him in front of the class to show how Jews were inferior to real Germans, Josef had returned to his seat next to Klaus, his best friend in the class. Forever. Mahmoud hoped so, at least. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The group walks all the way to the Austrian border, where they are welcomed. Her thick black hair was cut short for summer and pushed back behind her ears, and her brown complexion was splotchy with freckles. Go in there and unlock those doors this minute. Just because you had your bar mitzvah doesnt make you an adult, Renata told him, and Evelyne stuck her tongue out at him. Six of the best book quotes from Mahmoud Bishara, Please! Mahmoud cried. It was easier to stay invisible that way. The concession stand man smiled. Isabel Fernandez is 11 years old in 1994, growing up in Havana, Cuba, under Fidel Castros communist regime. Then it was time for Josef to recite the blessing hed been practicing for weeks. He wanted to look away, but he was worried that might make the guards think he was hiding something. Asked by Bishara. . (In five days, Papa hadnt come out of their cabin once, not even for meals, and Josefs mother had barely left his side.) No! Isabel cried. The ship was called the MS St. Louis. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish boy living in Berlin, Germany, in 1938. Refine any search. I understand. Gratz highlights parallels between Mahmouds, Isabels, and Josefs stories: all three are locked in oppressive and dangerous situations. Smoke rose from behind an apartment building. It was like somebody was sitting on his chest. Assad made people who didnt like him disappear. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." War forced him to flee, leaving everything behind in search of safety. Just ahead of them, two boys had another boy up against what was left of a wall, about to take the bag of bread he carried. Where would they go? . He scared Josef too. She was already in the street when she stopped, ran to her backyard, and snatched up the little mewling kitten too. Quickly now, children, Mama said. Someone was in the house! Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Like Josef, Mahmoud is also forced to make a difficult choice that shows his maturity and the weight of his responsibility. This must have been the Castilloss plan all alongfor Luis and his girlfriend to run away with them! It will be expensive, but we can pay. What country is Mahmouds family trying to reach? of them belching gray-black diesel engine smoke. The boys pissed himself! The Nazis laughed, and Josefs face burned hot with shame. Ivn and Luis father, as well as Seora Castillos spouse, is Seora Castillo. Some people fled from the chaos, but more people raced toward it, and Isabel ran with them. The box didnt have any other Ninja Turtles in it, but Waleed would be excited to get it. Everywhere around them, people fled into the streets, covered in gray dust and blood. Where are you going? the soldier at the window asked. He didnt even leave to go to the bathroom. She could almost hear it almost And then the motor spluttered and died, and the music stopped. Hated him because of everything hed done to the Jews, but mostly because of what Hitler had done to his father. Isabel thrust her trumpet into his arms. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. His eyes looked like they were going to pop out of their sockets. The Gestapo man looked up at them through the window in his door. Fatima Bishara. Amara laughed and took his hand, and the two of them danced as best they could in the swaying boat. When Mahmoud and his family finally got to the front of the line, late in the day, Mahmouds father presented their official documents to the border agent. Were building a doghouse, he said, before sprinting away. It was usually held on the first Shabbosthe Sabbath, the Jewish day of restafter a boys thirteenth birthday. Rafts made of inner tubes tied together. The MS St. Louis. Papi was going to run away again, and this time, whether he got caught with wet feet or dry Tourists took pictures. I dont know. He felt tears come to his eyes and wiped them away. Education, public health, and sports, they all said together. The family takes another taxi to try to reach Hungary. And he had been beaten up as badly as Khalid. Thank you! Isabel cried. All of the refugees follow and Mahmouds parents catch up as well. Shed never known any other life except this one. A few hours later, they watched from the promenade as tugboats pushed the MS St. Louis away from the dock, and passengers threw confetti and celebrated and blew tearful kisses good-bye. Ruthie would have started kindergarten that year if Jews were still allowed to go to school. The cat was so tiny it could only nibble at the beans. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Explore books by genre, topic, reading level, or series to find your next read. Papa was scaring her. What if he had changed his mind? He stood in a long line with his family, waiting at the border to gain admission into Turkey, near the city of Kilis. There were people on the beach! "Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and that's exactly how he wanted it. Youre going to Turkey? II went to engineering school there, Mahmouds father said. And Castros only making things worse. As if saying his name made him appear, the baseball game on television was interrupted by a special message from the Cuban president. Here, Mahmoud emphasizes that being invisible serves as a form of protection for him: the less he is noticed, the less likely it is for him to be attacked. Both sides oppose ISIL, the combination of ISIS and al-Quaeda, and the Kurds, supported predominantly by the USA, are fighting ISIL as well but support neither Al-Assad or the rebels.) T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. The pistol fired againpak!andping!the hull of the Castilloss boat rang as the bullet hit it. Home. Being invisible was how he survived. Isabel looked back over her shoulder. Even though their apartment wasnt far away, Mahmoud led Waleed on a different route home every day. The two older boys became Mahmouds and Khalids own personal bullies, delivering repeated beatdowns between classes and after school. The old man in the car slows and takes pity on them, offering them a place to stay. Not nearly as many as there had been in Havana, but enough. When he sees a few United Nations representatives passing by the compound, he shouts and gets their attention. Freedom! chanted some of the rioters. There was a main street in the camp, a wide lane where refugees had set up little shops, selling phone cards and camp stoves and clothes and things people had brought with them but no longer wanted or needed. With no one to overpay for it, the cane fields dried up, the sugar refineries closed, and people lost their jobs. Must be doing sixteen knots, easy, said one of the stewards. Hana! his father cried. Maana, we told them. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. No police cars or emergency crews hurried to the scene. What would they do now? Ivn, nail. People are rioting in Havana! Isabel said. The police were being summoned elsewhere. He only manages to survive by staying off everyone's radar. Shia should know their place! Refine any search. More importantly, we have our lives. Not that hes counting. The Brownshirt suddenly turned serious. She wont take up any room!, Whether you were visible or invisible, it was all about how other people reacted to you. They were supposed to be on holiday, seeing ancient ruins and beautiful Greek beaches, not stepping over filthy, praying refugees. We can sell the car there and make our way north, to Germany. Everyone stopped while Mahmouds father walked ahead. No room! Despite being exhausted and in agony, Mahmoud must battle to stay afloat in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea with no boat or life jacket. I cant reach your father, Mahmouds mother said, thumbing her phone. How many of them died because we turned them away? No! The angry cop yanked his arm free from Luis and pointed his nightstick at Papi. Mahmoud pulled Waleed behind a burned-out car, his heart racing. Then, Mahmoud and, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (2), the bottom of the sea, and says a funeral prayer for him. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasnt leaving tonight. What nation and city had Mahmoud and his family been waiting in line to enter? The next morning they had seen the people. Evelyne and Renata were the genuine names of two sisters who came on the St. Louis, and they were the only ones permitted to disembark in Cuba since their father already resided there and had significant relations to the local authorities. Theyll come for us soon enough, he said. She had bright eyes, wild brown haircut in a bob and parted on the side a little gap between her 2 front teeth. When another dinghy passes by that doesnt have space for his family, he offers up Hana to them in order to ensure that she can survive. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. You cant go now! Lito told Papi. It wasnt just his building that had been hit, he realized. Josef looked deep into Officer Padrons eyes, searching for some sign of help, some hint of sympathy. Which is usually that dog Assad. Mahmoud breathed again with relief. My brother, just a boy, becoming a man at last. Fatima continues to go from tent to tent, asking about, Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15 to 16 days from home, cries over all of the events of the past two weeks, he apologizes for giving, Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days from home, food, water, and other supplies. The air was full of dust, and it scratched and tore at his throat as it went down, but Mahmoud had never tasted anything so sweet. He leaped to his feet, grabbed the arm of one of the men carrying his father, and tried to pull him off. He hesitated while everyone stared at him, his eyes searching Castros face on the bottom of the boat as though there were answers hidden there. Who is the main character in the book Refugee? He flailed wildly at the debris, digging and scratching at the wreckage like he could somehow claw his way back to a place where there was air. Were going to latch all the stalls from the inside and crawl out under the doors so no one can use the toilets! No, dont Josef tried to tell them, but they were already gone. Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece 2015, 12 days from home (3). Mahmoud decides that he no longer wants to be ignored and leads the refugees out of the prison, walking twelve hours to Austria. Josef had seen it happen. I know weve been talking about leaving. Seor Castillo shrugged. Mahmoud and his family were waiting in line at Kilis, Turkey, at the border to enter the country. The way the content is organized. Aaron Landau, one of the Brownshirts said to Josefs father, you have continued to practice law despite the fact that Jews are forbidden to do so under the Civil Service Restoration Act of 1933. The Brownshirt whod taken his father away on Kristallnacht had said, Well come for you soon enough, but Josef hadnt waited. A hat to shield his face from the sun. The leader of Syria. How will we get there? By car first. Mahmouds father shrugged. Three times a day they ate delicious meals in a dining room laid out with white linen tablecloths, crystal glasses, and shining silverware, and stewards waited on them hand and foot. A man in the group we walked with gave me the name of a smuggler who can get us from Turkey to Greece. A smuggler? Mom said. Refine any search. Ill see if I can find us a bus. Mahmoud and his mother and sister and brother walked the shopping street. One day, the bombings and war hit home, literally. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Amahl Bishara, Tufts University . Well all go, while Castro is letting people out, she went on. Newspapers Review: Dailies highlight PM's meeting with Israelis, Abbas speech. Answers: 1. When all this is over, Ill find you and arrest you, and theyll send you away for good. Luis pulled the angry policeman away, pausing just long enough to give Isabel a worried look over his shoulder. Nobody knew a wave of revolutions would sweep through the Middle East, toppling governments and overthrowing dictators and starting civil wars. A wife! Mahmoud is a Muslim boy in Aleppo, Syria in 2015, and his family has no other choice but to leave Syria when their entire apartment building is destroyed by a missile. At a command from their leader, they pushed forward into the crowd, arresting rioters and hitting them with wooden batons. German families talked and laughed and argued in their compartments, just like Jews. Time to pray, Waleed. But that trumpet was everything to you! No, not everything, Isabel thought. It was Waleed who spoke up. Mahmoud couldnt remember the last time hed seen his brother laugh, or cry, or show any emotion whatsoever. Refugee (Alan Gratz) What are Mahmoud Bishara's character traits? But, eventually he and his family find a new home and get a chance at a new start. He shook his head as he paced their little room in his oversized nightclothes. Mahmouds story gives a horrifying glimpse of the lives of 22 million people right now. Is it enough? Isabel asked. The bed broke into pieces. Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. Mahmoud's dad. They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do, Mahmoud realized., I see rocks! someone at the front of the dinghy yelled, and there was a loud POOM! Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. They arrive on Lesbos and hunt for Hana, but she is nowhere to be found.
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