(2011). The Ethiopian government has always availed itself of its power to transfer local populations off land it decides to declare a public resource. Recently, however, Sudan has been more cautious with the project, citing concerns that the GERDs operation and safety could jeopardise its own dams (The New Arab, 2020b). The Danger of Multi-Party Democracy and Free Elections in Plural Societies Recognizing the Muslim Brotherhood as a Legitimate Player in Egyptian Politics was a Big Mistake Ethiopian Partnering with ASKY to Establish West African Cargo Hub Ethiopia and China's ZTE singed $800 million mobile deal H and M to build factories in Ethiopia Construction on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam began in 2011 and it is currently nearing completion. It concludes that Ethiopias legal position is far stronger and that a negotiated agreement in its favour is the most likely outcome of the dispute. It also created a counter message to Egypts powerful the Nile is Egypt narrative that is familiar around the world. As a hydroelectric project, the dam is expected to generate 6,000 megawatts of electricity. However, as a result of the ability and willingness of Ethiopians at home and abroad to invest in the dam project, the government was able to raise a significant portion of the money needed to start the construction of the GERD. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - ArcGIS StoryMaps River Nile dam: Why Ethiopia can't stop it being filled In fact, about 85 % of the overall Nile flow originates on Ethiopian territory (Swain, 2011). Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam | International Rivers The establishment of the Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile, up 145 and a storage capacity of 74 . In addition, no independent, multilateral Environmental and Social Impact Assessments has been carried out suggesting that Ethiopia is reneging from the 2015 Declaration of Principles (Kandeel, 2020). Could the Nile dispute be an opportunity to boost freshwater technology? Filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) along the Blue Nile River is well under way near the Ethiopia-Sudan border. Ethiopian opinion is divided over the need for such huge investments in hydroelectric energy when the national network is still very underdeveloped and unable to cope. The most important of these treaties is the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (the Watercourses Convention). The 6,000-megawatt Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, shown here in May 2016, is scheduled to begin producing electricity in 2017. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Gets Set to Open - Hiiraan Online Poverty alleviation, which is a major concern for all Nile Basin countries, could form the basis of a cooperative arrangement between all the Niles riparians. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Fact Sheet The grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam (eg) - SlideShare 2. (PDF) The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Evaluating Its In that light, Egypt should minimize trips to Washington, D.C., New York, and Brussels, and instead use its diplomatic resources to improve its relations with the other riparian states. Von Lossow, T. & Roll, S. (2015). Ethiopia could argue that those imperial powers did not foresee the decolonisation of Africa and that this represented a watershed event that profoundly changed the foundation on which the Nile Water Treaties were constructed. per year, that would constitute a drought, to push the three countries to adhere to their obligations in accordance with the rules of international law in order to reach a fair and balanced solution to the issue of the GERD, 1929 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and 1959 Agreement. Today, however, Ethiopia is building the Grand Renaissance Dam and, with it, Ethiopia will physically control the Blue Nile Gorgethe primary source of most of the Nile waters. In particular, the DoP takes a very strict approach to the no significant harm rule. The above-mentioned Gilgel Gibe III Dam stood out as the worlds most controversial dam until the GERD. Furthermore, resolving conflicts involving the Nile River is most likely to be more successful through improvements in relations between the riparians and not through external intervention. Zegabi East Africa News (2015). Since its inception, there have been two, highly contentious, products. Thus, it is only through cooperation that Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and the other riparians can peacefully resolve conflicts over the Nile and achieve the type of water use that will contribute significantly to regional economic and human development. Ethiopia has the basins most suitable locations for hydropower production, and its damming of the Blue Nile would significantly increase Sudan's potential for irrigated agriculture. Both Egypt and Ethiopia could make arguments in support of their positions. European countries including Italy, Belgium and especially the UK controlled the Nile as part of colonisation and the broader Scramble for Africa. These colonising states used the tactic of concluding treaties (often at gunpoint) to secure their interests and, in this case, essentially prohibit upstream states from using their own waters. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a 1.1-mile-long concrete colossus, is set to become the largest hydropower plant in Africa. Moreover, it arguably prohibits any reduction of flow to Egypt by limiting Ethiopias use of the Dam to electricity generation alone. Still, if the exception was somehow activated, it would mean that Egypt remains entitled to 66% of the Nile River waters and that this figure should be used as the baseline for any future negotiations. Amazingly, the normally required social and environmental impact studies were only conducted three years after construction of the dam had began. Moreover, after the completion of the GERD, Egypt could run short of water if the operation of the GERD was not carefully coordinated with that of the AHD. Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Downstream Countries Indeed, Egypt has called the filling of the dam an existential threat, as it fears the dam will negatively impact the countrys water supplies. To African commentators in recent decades, massive investments in mega-energy and irrigation projects were emblematic of the African economic emergence, and Ethiopia at that time vaunted itself as one of the fastest-growing economies in the region. African Union, Israel and the crisis of the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam The Political Deadlock on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. to hydrate farmland), it would effectively be taken from downstream states like Egypt. Although Egypt and Sudan are likely to resist efforts to include the other upstream riparians in the negotiations or to allow a regional organization, such as the NBI, to serve as an implementing organ, they must understand that the Nile River is a regional watercourse and its management must be approached from a regional perspective. As they consider this controversial issue, all 11 riparian countries should seek to improve relations among themselves beyond their relationship with the Nile, especially in mutually beneficial areas such as trade; educational and cultural exchanges; the management of natural resources, including water; dealing with threats to peace and security, including the suppression and prevention of terrorism and extremism; and confronting major challenges to economic growth and poverty alleviation, such as climate change, widespread illiteracy, and poor infrastructure. At stake, too, is . In my opinion, this should be negotiable, to fill the lake over a longer period, and only when the river is sufficiently full. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a critical project that intends to provide hydroelectricity to support the livelihoods of millions of people in the region. The dam will flood 1,680 square kilometers of forest in northwest Ethiopia (an area about four times the size of Cairo), displace approximately 20,000 people in Ethiopia, and create a reservoir that will hold around 70 billion cubic . Addis Ababa expects to sell no less than 4,000 Megawatts (MW) of electricity to its regional partners in the coming decade. (2012). For Ethiopia, GERD is considered an economic game-changer. What could have been strictly technical negotiations have turned into a political deadlock. Ethiopia - Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) - Hydropower Given agricultures importance to pro-poor economic growth, Egypt, which has significant experience and expertise in irrigation agriculture, can share some of that expertise with other countries in exchange for increased trade with them. In contrast, other watercourse states on the Nile have lent their support to the Dam. Benefits from the Nile's Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Rural 21 The Zenawi concept of a Strong Ethiopia envisions the country as a powerful hydroelectric energy hub exporting electricity to Djibouti and Somalia in the east, Kenya and Uganda to the south, and Sudan to the west. The GERD has the potential to act both as driver for conflict, but also for cooperation. For more on the background and history of these important relationships, see my book with former AGI Director Mwangi S. Kimenyi, Governing the Nile River Basin: The Search for a New Legal Regime., not be filled without a legally binding agreement, when the flow of Nile water to the dam falls below 35-40 b.c.m. First, as noted above, Ethiopia contributes 86% of the water in the Nile and so it seems only natural that it has an equitable claim to using Nile waters to aid growth in its impoverished economy. Match. Turning then to Ethiopia. The $4 billion hydroelectric dam . Crucially, however, neither Egypt nor Ethiopia are parties to the Watercourses Convention and so they are not bound by its terms. That seems unlikely given that the DoP concerns the Dam alone and was agreed only between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan; whereas the Nile Waters Treaties concern the whole Nile Basin and involve many more states. Governing the Nile River Basin: The Search for a New Legal Regime. At this point, though, the GERD is nearly completed, and so Egypt has shifted its position to trying to secure a political agreement over the timetable for filling the GERDs reservoir and how the GERD will be managed, particularly during droughts. However, by far the largest of these projects is the GERD, which was announced in 2010 and work on which was launched in 2011 by means of a nationwide fundraiser in which Ethiopian civil servants were reportedly obliged to volunteer a months salary to invest in GERD bonds. This is because it is traditionally understood to refer to waterways that form intrinsic parts of international boundaries. In its 2013 report, the International Rivers Organisation predicted that the long-term effects of the Gibe III Dam would turn Lake Turkana into another Aral Sea. Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam. UN ready to promote 'win-win solution' for Blue Nile dam project We shall begin with the former. Nevertheless, Khartoum continues to fear that the operation of the GERD could threaten the safety of Sudans own dams and make it much more difficult for the government to manage its own development projects. Egypt Forced to Negotiate on Nile Dam. Environmental Impacts Of Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam On The 1800m long and 170m high. Perhaps the most significant project in the 2003 plan was the Chemoga-Yeda Hydroelectric Project, a series of five small dams on Blue Nile tributaries and two dams on the Genale River with a couple more envisioned for a later phase. Attia, H. & Saleh, M. (2021). The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam located in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia, about 45 km east of the border with Sudan. These conflicts could take the form of international armed conflicts (between states), non-international armed conflicts between a group and a state, or conflicts between non-state groups. Given the advancement of the dam construction - the GERD being, as of March 2015, 40% complete, according to Ethiopia - Egypt had good reason to reconsider its position (RANE, 2015). 17th round of GERD tripartite talks hits wall in Cairo. What is your opinion on Ethiopia's chances of completing the "Great The dispute resolution committee could be made up of the Nile Council of Ministers (Nile-COM), which includes the ministers in charge of water affairs in all member states of the Nile River Basin. Both citizens and governments should be made part of the solution to the water-related conflicts that now threaten peace and security in the Nile Basin. Disadvantages of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam jobs You can revoke your consent to the site operator at any time by unsubscribing from the newsletter. The 10-year filling time of GERD will likely contribute to fastened salinisation in Egypt. In March 2015, a 'Declaration of Principles' was signed by the leaders of Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, setting the foundations for an initial cooperation (Salman, 2017). Egypt fears Ethiopia Renaissance Dam threatens water supply when did construction of the dam begin? Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Agreement within Reach, Under-Secretary The Dam is used to generate electricity and went into partial operation in 2022. Ethiopias Blue Nile Dam is an opportunity for regional collaboration, Developing countries are key to climate action, Self-organizing Nigeria: The antifragile state, Managing the compounding debt and climate crises. 497 Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Premium High Res Photos - Getty Images
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